xref: /xnu-8796.101.5/libsyscall/wrappers/spawn/posix_spawn.c (revision aca3beaa3dfbd42498b42c5e5ce20a938e6554e5)

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2012 Apple Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_START@
 *
 * This file contains Original Code and/or Modifications of Original Code
 * as defined in and that are subject to the Apple Public Source License
 * Version 2.0 (the 'License'). You may not use this file except in
 * compliance with the License. Please obtain a copy of the License at
 * http://www.opensource.apple.com/apsl/ and read it before using this
 * file.
 *
 * The Original Code and all software distributed under the License are
 * distributed on an 'AS IS' basis, WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER
 * EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND APPLE HEREBY DISCLAIMS ALL SUCH WARRANTIES,
 * INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, QUIET ENJOYMENT OR NON-INFRINGEMENT.
 * Please see the License for the specific language governing rights and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 * @APPLE_LICENSE_HEADER_END@
 */

/*
 * [SPN] Support for _POSIX_SPAWN
 */

#define CONFIG_MEMORYSTATUS 1 // <rdar://problem/13604997>
#include <sys/types.h> /* for user_size_t */
#include <spawn.h>
#include <spawn_private.h>
#include <sys/spawn_internal.h>
#include <sys/process_policy.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>     /* for OPEN_MAX, PATH_MAX */
#include <string.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <mach/port.h>
#include <mach/mach_param.h> /* for TASK_PORT_REGISTER_MAX */
#include <mach/exception_types.h>
#include <mach/coalition.h> /* for COALITION_TYPE_MAX */
#include <sys/kern_memorystatus.h>

/*
 * Actual syscall wrappers.
 */
extern int __posix_spawn(pid_t * __restrict, const char * __restrict,
    struct _posix_spawn_args_desc *, char *const argv[__restrict],
    char *const envp[__restrict]);
extern int __execve(const char *fname, char * const *argp, char * const *envp);

/*
 * Function pointers that are NULL in Libsyscall_static, and get populated with
 * the real implementations in Libsyscall_dynamic from _libkernel_init.c when
 * os_feature_enabled(Libsystem, posix_spawn_filtering) is on.
 *
 * Since launchd cannot read feature flags during process startup (data volume
 * is not mounted yet), it reads them later and sets these function pointers via
 * Libsystem and __libkernel_init_after_boot_tasks.
 *
 * Usually NULL. Always NULL on customer installs.
 */
__attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
bool (*posix_spawn_with_filter)(pid_t *pid, const char *fname,
    char * const *argp, char * const *envp, struct _posix_spawn_args_desc *adp,
    int *ret);

__attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
int (*execve_with_filter)(const char *fname, char * const *argp,
    char * const *envp);

__attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
void
__posix_spawnattr_init(struct _posix_spawnattr *psattrp)
{
	/*
	 * The default value of this attribute shall be as if no
	 * flags were set
	 */
	psattrp->psa_flags = 0;

	/*
	 * The default value of this attribute shall be an empty
	 * signal set
	 */
	psattrp->psa_sigdefault = 0;

	/* The default value of this attribute is unspecified */
	psattrp->psa_sigmask = 0;

	/* The default value of this attribute shall be zero */
	psattrp->psa_pgroup = 0;     /* doesn't matter */

	/* Default is no binary preferences, i.e. use normal grading */
	memset(psattrp->psa_binprefs, 0,
	    sizeof(psattrp->psa_binprefs));
	memset(psattrp->psa_subcpuprefs, 0xff /* CPU_SUBTYPE_ANY */,
	    sizeof(psattrp->psa_subcpuprefs));

	/* Default is no port actions to take */
	psattrp->psa_ports = NULL;

	/*
	 * The default value of this attribute shall be an no
	 * process control on resource starvation
	 */
	psattrp->psa_pcontrol = 0;

	/*
	 * Initializing the alignment paddings.
	 */

	psattrp->short_padding = 0;
	psattrp->flags_padding = 0;

	/* Default is no new apptype requested */
	psattrp->psa_apptype = POSIX_SPAWN_PROCESS_TYPE_DEFAULT;

	/* Jetsam related */
	psattrp->psa_jetsam_flags = 0;
	psattrp->psa_priority = -1;
	psattrp->psa_memlimit_active = -1;
	psattrp->psa_memlimit_inactive = -1;

	/* Default is no thread limit */
	psattrp->psa_thread_limit = 0;

	/* Default is no CPU usage monitor active. */
	psattrp->psa_cpumonitor_percent = 0;
	psattrp->psa_cpumonitor_interval = 0;

	/* Default is no MAC policy extensions. */
	psattrp->psa_mac_extensions = NULL;

	/* Default is to inherit parent's coalition(s) */
	psattrp->psa_coalition_info = NULL;

	psattrp->psa_persona_info = NULL;

	psattrp->psa_posix_cred_info = NULL;

	/*
	 * old coalition field
	 * For backwards compatibility reasons, we set this to 1
	 * which is the first valid coalition id. This will allow
	 * newer user space code to properly spawn processes on
	 * older kernels
	 * (they will just all end up in the same coalition).
	 */
	psattrp->psa_reserved = 1;

	/* Default is no new clamp */
	psattrp->psa_qos_clamp = POSIX_SPAWN_PROC_CLAMP_NONE;

	/* Default is no change to role */
	psattrp->psa_darwin_role = POSIX_SPAWN_DARWIN_ROLE_NONE;

	psattrp->psa_max_addr = 0;

	psattrp->psa_no_smt = false;
	psattrp->psa_tecs = false;

	psattrp->psa_crash_count = 0;
	psattrp->psa_throttle_timeout = 0;

	/* Default is no subsystem root path */
	psattrp->psa_subsystem_root_path = NULL;

	/* Default is no platform given */
	psattrp->psa_platform = 0;

	/* Default is no option */
	psattrp->psa_options = PSA_OPTION_NONE;

	/* Default is no port limit */
	psattrp->psa_port_soft_limit = 0;
	psattrp->psa_port_hard_limit = 0;

	/* Default is no file descriptor limit */
	psattrp->psa_filedesc_soft_limit = 0;
	psattrp->psa_filedesc_hard_limit = 0;

	psattrp->psa_crash_behavior = 0;
	psattrp->psa_crash_behavior_deadline = 0;
	psattrp->psa_launch_type = 0;
	psattrp->psa_dataless_iopolicy = 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_init
 *
 * Description:	Initialize a spawn attributes object attr with default values
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object to be
 *					initialized
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to
 *					initialize the spawn attributes object.
 *
 * Note:	As an implementation detail, the externally visibily type
 *		posix_spawnattr_t is defined to be a void *, and initialization
 *		involves allocation of a memory object.  Subsequent changes to
 *		the spawn attributes may result in reallocation under the
 *		covers.
 *
 *		Reinitialization of an already initialized spawn attributes
 *		object will result in memory being leaked.  Because spawn
 *		attributes are not required to be used in conjunction with a
 *		static initializer, there is no way to distinguish a spawn
 *		attribute with stack garbage from one that's been initialized.
 *		This is arguably an API design error.
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_init(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t *psattrp = (_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	int     err = 0;

	if ((*psattrp = (_posix_spawnattr_t)malloc(sizeof(struct _posix_spawnattr))) == NULL) {
		err = ENOMEM;
	} else {
		__posix_spawnattr_init(*psattrp);
	}

	return err;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_destroy
 *
 * Description:	Destroy a spawn attributes object that was previously
 *		initialized via posix_spawnattr_init() by freeing any
 *		memory associated with it and setting it to an invalid value.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object to be
 *					destroyed.
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Notes:	The destroyed spawn attribute results in the void * pointer
 *		being set to NULL; subsequent use without reinitialization
 *		will result in explicit program failure (rather than merely
 *		"undefined behaviour").
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by attr is invalid.
 */
static int posix_spawn_destroyportactions_np(posix_spawnattr_t *);
static int posix_spawn_destroycoalition_info_np(posix_spawnattr_t *);
static int posix_spawn_destroypersona_info_np(posix_spawnattr_t *);
static int posix_spawn_destroyposix_cred_info_np(posix_spawnattr_t *);
static int posix_spawn_destroymacpolicy_info_np(posix_spawnattr_t *);
static int posix_spawn_destroysubsystem_root_path_np(posix_spawnattr_t *);

int
posix_spawnattr_destroy(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	posix_spawn_destroyportactions_np(attr);
	posix_spawn_destroycoalition_info_np(attr);
	posix_spawn_destroypersona_info_np(attr);
	posix_spawn_destroyposix_cred_info_np(attr);
	posix_spawn_destroymacpolicy_info_np(attr);
	posix_spawn_destroysubsystem_root_path_np(attr);

	free(psattr);
	*attr = NULL;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setflags
 *
 * Description:	Set the spawn flags attribute for the spawn attribute object
 *		referred to by 'attr'.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose flags
 *					are to be set
 *		flags			The flags value to set
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by attr is invalid.
 *		EINVAL	The value of the attribute being set is not valid.
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setflags(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, short flags)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_flags = flags;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_getflags
 *
 * Description:	Retrieve the spawn attributes flag for the spawn attributes
 *		object referenced by 'attr' and place them in the memory
 *		location referenced by 'flagsp'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose flags
 *					are to be retrieved
 *		flagsp			A pointer to a short value to receive
 *					the flags
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Implicit Returns:
 *		*flagps (modified)	The flags value from the spawn
 *					attributes object
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by attr is invalid.
 *		EINVAL	The value of the attribute being set is not valid.
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_getflags(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    short * __restrict flagsp)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	*flagsp = psattr->psa_flags;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_getsigdefault
 *
 * Description:	Retrieve the set of signals to be set to default according to
 *		the spawn attribute value referenced by 'attr' and place the
 *		result into the memory containing the sigset_t referenced by
 *		'sigdefault'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					signal set for default signals is to
 *					be retrieved
 *		sigdefault		A pointer to the sigset_t to receive
 *					the signal set
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Implicit Returns:
 *		*sigdefault (modified)	The signal set of signals to default
 *					from the spawn attributes object
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_getsigdefault(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    sigset_t * __restrict sigdefault)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	*sigdefault = psattr->psa_sigdefault;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_getpgroup
 *
 * Description:	Obtain the value of the spawn process group attribute from the
 *		spawn attributes object referenced by 'attr' and place the
 *		results in the memory location referenced by 'pgroup'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					process group information is to be
 *					retrieved
 *		pgroup			A pointer to the pid_t to receive the
 *					process group
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Implicit Returns:
 *		*pgroup (modified)	The process group information from the
 *					spawn attributes object
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_getpgroup(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    pid_t * __restrict pgroup)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	*pgroup = psattr->psa_pgroup;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_getsigmask
 *
 * Description:	Obtain the value of the spawn signal mask attribute from the
 *		spawn attributes object referenced by 'attr' and place the
 *		result into the memory containing the sigset_t referenced by
 *		'sigmask'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					signal set for masked signals is to
 *					be retrieved
 *		sigmask		A pointer to the sigset_t to receive
 *					the signal set
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Implicit Returns:
 *		*sigmask (modified)	The signal set of signals to mask
 *					from the spawn attributes object
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_getsigmask(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    sigset_t * __restrict sigmask)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	*sigmask = psattr->psa_sigmask;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_getbinpref_np
 *
 * Description:	Obtain the value of the spawn binary preferences attribute from
 *              the spawn attributes object referenced by 'attr' and place the
 *		result into the memory referenced by 'pref'.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					binary preferences are to be retrieved
 *		count			The size of the cpu_type_t array
 *		pref			An array of cpu types
 *		ocount			The actual number copied
 *
 * Returns:	0			No binary preferences found
 *              > 0			The number of cpu types (less than
 *                                      count) copied over from 'attr'.
 *
 * Implicit Returns:
 *		*pref (modified)	The binary preferences array
 *					from the spawn attributes object
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_getbinpref_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    size_t count, cpu_type_t *pref, size_t * __restrict ocount)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	int i = 0;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL || pref == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	for (i = 0; i < count && i < NBINPREFS; i++) {
		pref[i] = psattr->psa_binprefs[i];
	}

	if (ocount) {
		*ocount = i;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_getarchpref_np
 *
 * Description:	Obtain the value of the spawn binary preferences attribute from
 *              the spawn attributes object referenced by 'attr' and place the
 *		result into the memory referenced by 'pref' and 'subpref'.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					binary preferences are to be retrieved
 *		count			The size of the cpu_type_t array
 *		pref			An array of cpu types
 *		subpref			An array of subcpu types
 *		ocount			The actual number copied
 *
 * Returns:	0			No cpu/subcpu preferences found
 *              > 0			The number of types (less than
 *                                      count) copied over from 'attr'.
 *
 * Implicit Returns:
 *		*pref (modified)	The cpu preferences array
 *					from the spawn attributes object
 *		*subpref (modified)	The subcpu preferences array
 *					from the spawn attributes object
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_getarchpref_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    size_t count, cpu_type_t *pref, cpu_subtype_t *subpref, size_t * __restrict ocount)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	int i = 0;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL || pref == NULL || subpref == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	for (i = 0; i < count && i < NBINPREFS; i++) {
		pref[i] = psattr->psa_binprefs[i];
		subpref[i] = psattr->psa_subcpuprefs[i];
	}

	if (ocount) {
		*ocount = i;
	}
	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_getpcontrol_np
 *
 * Description:	Retrieve the  process control property set default according to
 *		the spawn attribute value referenced by 'attr' and place the
 *		result into the memory containing the control  referenced by
 *		'pcontrol'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					signal set for default signals is to
 *					be retrieved
 *		pcontrol		A pointer to an int  to receive
 *					the process control info
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Implicit Returns:
 *		*pcontrol (modified)	The signal set of signals to default
 *					from the spawn attributes object
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_getpcontrol_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    int * __restrict pcontrol)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	*pcontrol = psattr->psa_pcontrol;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_getprocesstype_np
 *
 * Description:	Retrieve the  process specific behaviors and app launch types
 *		spawn attribute value referenced by 'attr' and place the
 *		result into the memory containing the control  referenced by
 *		'proctype'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					signal set for default signals is to
 *					be retrieved
 *		proctype		A pointer to an int  to receive
 *					the process type info
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Implicit Returns:
 *		*proctype (modified)	The process type set to value
 *					from the spawn attributes object
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_getprocesstype_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    int * __restrict proctype)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	*proctype = psattr->psa_apptype;

	return 0;
}
/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setsigdefault
 *
 * Description:	Set the set of signals to be set to default for the spawn
 *		attribute value referenced by 'attr' from the memory
 *		containing the sigset_t referenced by 'sigdefault'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					signal set for default signals is to
 *					be set
 *		sigdefault		A pointer to the sigset_t from which to
 *					obtain the signal set
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setsigdefault(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    const sigset_t * __restrict sigdefault)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_sigdefault = *sigdefault;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setpgroup
 *
 * Description:	Set the value of the spawn process group attribute for the
 *		spawn attributes object referenced by 'attr' from the value
 *		of 'pgroup'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object for which
 *					the process group information is to be
 *					set
 *		pgroup			The process group to set
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setpgroup(posix_spawnattr_t * attr, pid_t pgroup)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_pgroup = pgroup;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setsigmask
 *
 * Description:	Set the set of signals to be masked for the spawn attribute
 *		value referenced by 'attr' from the memory containing the
 *		sigset_t referenced by 'sigmask'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					signal set for masked signals is to
 *					be set
 *		sigmask		A pointer to the sigset_t from which to
 *					obtain the signal set
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setsigmask(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    const sigset_t * __restrict sigmask)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_sigmask = *sigmask;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setbinpref_np
 *
 * Description:	Set the universal binary preferences for the spawn attribute
 *		value referenced by 'attr' from the memory containing the
 *		cpu_type_t array referenced by 'pref', size of 'count'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *                                      binary preferences are to be set
 *              count			Size of the array pointed to by 'pref'
 *              pref			cpu_type_t array of binary preferences
 *		ocount			The actual number copied
 *
 * Returns:	0			No preferences copied
 *              > 0			Number of preferences copied
 *
 * Note:	The posix_spawnattr_t currently only holds four cpu_type_t's.
 *              If the caller provides more preferences than this limit, they
 *              will be ignored, as reflected in the return value.
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setbinpref_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    size_t count, cpu_type_t *pref, size_t * __restrict ocount)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	int i = 0;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL || pref == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	for (i = 0; i < count && i < NBINPREFS; i++) {
		psattr->psa_binprefs[i] = pref[i];
		psattr->psa_subcpuprefs[i] = CPU_SUBTYPE_ANY;
	}

	/* return number of binprefs copied over */
	if (ocount) {
		*ocount = i;
	}

	for (; i < NBINPREFS; i++) {
		psattr->psa_binprefs[i] = 0;
		psattr->psa_subcpuprefs[i] = CPU_SUBTYPE_ANY;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setarchpref_np
 *
 * Description:	Set the universal binary preferences for the spawn attribute
 *		value referenced by 'attr' from the memory containing the
 *		cpu_type_t array referenced by 'pref', the cpu_subtype_t array
 *		referenced by 'subpref' and size of 'count'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *                                      binary preferences are to be set
 *              count			Size of the array pointed to by 'pref'
 *              pref			cpu_type_t array of cpu binary preferences
 *              subpref			cpu_subtype_t array of subcpu binary preferences
 *		ocount			The actual number copied
 *
 * Returns:	0			No preferences copied
 *              > 0			Number of preferences copied
 *
 * Note:	The posix_spawnattr_t currently only holds four
 *              cpu_type_t/cpu_subtype_t pairs.
 *              If the caller provides more preferences than this limit, they
 *              will be ignored, as reflected in the return value.
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setarchpref_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    size_t count, cpu_type_t *pref, cpu_subtype_t *subpref,
    size_t * __restrict ocount)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	int i = 0;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL || pref == NULL || subpref == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	for (i = 0; i < count && i < NBINPREFS; i++) {
		psattr->psa_binprefs[i] = pref[i];
		psattr->psa_subcpuprefs[i] = subpref[i];
	}

	/* return number of binprefs copied over */
	if (ocount) {
		*ocount = i;
	}

	for (; i < NBINPREFS; i++) {
		psattr->psa_binprefs[i] = 0;
		psattr->psa_subcpuprefs[i] = CPU_SUBTYPE_ANY;
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setpcontrol_np
 *
 * Description:	Set the process control property according to
 *		attribute value referenced by 'attr' from the memory
 *		containing the int value 'pcontrol'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					signal set for default signals is to
 *					be set
 *		pcontrol		An int value of the process control info
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setpcontrol_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    const int pcontrol)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_pcontrol = pcontrol;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setprocesstype_np
 *
 * Description:	Set the process specific behaviors and app launch type
 *		attribute value referenced by 'attr' from the memory
 *		containing the int value 'proctype'
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					signal set for default signals is to
 *					be set
 *		proctype		An int value of the process type info
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setprocesstype_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    const int proctype)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_apptype = proctype;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setdataless_iopolicy_np
 *
 * Description:	Set the process iopolicy to materialize dataless files
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object whose
 *					iopolicy to materialize dataless files
 *					is to be set
 *		policy			io policy for dataless files
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		EINVAL			Invalid Input
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setdataless_iopolicy_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    const int policy)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_options |= PSA_OPTION_DATALESS_IOPOLICY;
	psattr->psa_dataless_iopolicy = policy;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawn_createportactions_np
 * Description: create a new posix_spawn_port_actions struct and link
 *      it into the posix_spawnattr.
 */
static int
posix_spawn_createportactions_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	_posix_spawn_port_actions_t acts;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	acts = (_posix_spawn_port_actions_t)malloc(PS_PORT_ACTIONS_SIZE(2));
	if (acts == NULL) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	acts->pspa_alloc = 2;
	acts->pspa_count = 0;

	psattr->psa_ports = acts;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_growportactions_np
 * Description: Enlarge the size of portactions if necessary
 */
static int
posix_spawn_growportactions_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	_posix_spawn_port_actions_t acts;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	acts = psattr->psa_ports;
	if (acts == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	/* Double number of port actions allocated for */
	int newnum = 0;
	if (os_mul_overflow(acts->pspa_alloc, 2, &newnum)) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}
	size_t newsize = PS_PORT_ACTIONS_SIZE(newnum);
	if (newsize == 0) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	acts = realloc(acts, newsize);
	if (acts == NULL) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	acts->pspa_alloc = newnum;
	psattr->psa_ports = acts;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_destroyportactions_np
 * Description: clean up portactions struct in posix_spawnattr_t attr
 */
static int
posix_spawn_destroyportactions_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	_posix_spawn_port_actions_t acts;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	acts = psattr->psa_ports;
	if (acts == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	free(acts);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_destroycoalition_info_np
 * Description: clean up coalition_info struct in posix_spawnattr_t attr
 */
static int
posix_spawn_destroycoalition_info_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	struct _posix_spawn_coalition_info *coal_info;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	coal_info = psattr->psa_coalition_info;
	if (coal_info == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr->psa_coalition_info = NULL;
	free(coal_info);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_destroypersona_info_np
 * Description: clean up persona_info struct in posix_spawnattr_t attr
 */
static int
posix_spawn_destroypersona_info_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	struct _posix_spawn_persona_info *persona;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	persona = psattr->psa_persona_info;
	if (persona == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr->psa_persona_info = NULL;
	free(persona);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_destroyposix_cred_info_np
 * Description: clean up posix_cred_info struct in posix_spawnattr_t attr
 */
static int
posix_spawn_destroyposix_cred_info_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info *pspci;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	pspci = psattr->psa_posix_cred_info;
	if (pspci == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr->psa_posix_cred_info = NULL;
	free(pspci);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_set_subsystem_root_path
 * Description: Set path as the subsystem root path for attr; clears if NULL
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_subsystem_root_path_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, char *path)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	char * buf = NULL;
	char * old_buf;
	size_t bytes;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	if (path) {
		buf = malloc(MAXPATHLEN);

		if (buf == NULL) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}

		bytes = strlcpy(buf, path, MAXPATHLEN);

		if (bytes >= MAXPATHLEN) {
			free(buf);
			return ENAMETOOLONG;
		}
	}

	old_buf = psattr->psa_subsystem_root_path;
	psattr->psa_subsystem_root_path = buf;

	free(old_buf);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_destroy_subsystem_root_path_np
 * Description: clean up subsystem_root_path string in posix_spawnattr_t attr
 */
static int
posix_spawn_destroysubsystem_root_path_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	char * subsystem_root_path;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	subsystem_root_path = psattr->psa_subsystem_root_path;

	if (subsystem_root_path == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr->psa_subsystem_root_path = NULL;
	free(subsystem_root_path);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_set_platform_np
 * Description: sets the platform in posix_spawnattr_t attr
 *
 * To be implemented.
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_platform_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, int platform, uint32_t flags)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_platform = platform;

	(void)flags;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_disable_ptr_auth_a_keys_np
 * Description: Set flag to disable A keys for Ptr Auth
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_disable_ptr_auth_a_keys_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, uint32_t flags)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_options |= PSA_OPTION_PLUGIN_HOST_DISABLE_A_KEYS;
	(void)flags;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_set_alt_rosetta_np
 * Description: Set flag to use alternative Rosetta runtime
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_alt_rosetta_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, uint32_t flags)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_options |= PSA_OPTION_ALT_ROSETTA;
	(void)flags;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_set_crash_behavior_np
 * Description: Set flags to control behavior of the process on crash
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_crash_behavior_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, uint32_t flags)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_crash_behavior = flags;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_set_crash_behavior_deadline_np
 * Description: Set mach_continuous_time deadline for crash_behavior to panic
 *   A deadline of 0 indicates no deadline
 *   A non-zero deadline indicates that the crash behavior mode will be valid
 *   until the deadline. After the deadline the crash behavior field will
 *   be ignored.
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_crash_behavior_deadline_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, uint64_t deadline, uint32_t flags)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_crash_behavior_deadline = deadline;
	(void)flags;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_set_crash_count_np
 *
 * Description:	Set the process crash count and throttle timeout for
 * exponential backoff.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object for the
 *                              new process
 *		        crash_count	    Consecutive crash count
 *              timeout         Exponential throttling timeout
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		EINVAL			Invalid Input
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_crash_count_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    uint32_t crash_count, uint32_t timeout)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_crash_count = crash_count;
	psattr->psa_throttle_timeout = timeout;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_appendportaction_np
 * Description: append a port action, grow the array if necessary
 */
static int
posix_spawn_appendportaction_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, _ps_port_action_t *act)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	_posix_spawn_port_actions_t acts;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL || act == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	acts = psattr->psa_ports;

	// Have any port actions been created yet?
	if (acts == NULL) {
		int err = posix_spawn_createportactions_np(attr);
		if (err) {
			return err;
		}
		acts = psattr->psa_ports;
	}

	// Is there enough room?
	if (acts->pspa_alloc == acts->pspa_count) {
		int err = posix_spawn_growportactions_np(attr);
		if (err) {
			return err;
		}
		acts = psattr->psa_ports;
	}

	// Add this action to next spot in array
	acts->pspa_actions[acts->pspa_count] = *act;
	acts->pspa_count++;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setspecialport_np
 *
 * Description:	Set a new value for a mach special port in the spawned task.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object for the
 *                                      new process
 *              new_port		The new value for the special port
 *              which			The particular port to be set
 *                                      (see task_set_special_port for details)
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *              ENOMEM			Couldn't allocate memory
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setspecialport_np(
	posix_spawnattr_t *attr,
	mach_port_t      new_port,
	int             which)
{
	_ps_port_action_t action = {
		.port_type = PSPA_SPECIAL,
		.new_port = new_port,
		.which = which,
	};
	return posix_spawn_appendportaction_np(attr, &action);
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setexceptionports_np
 *
 * Description:	Set a new port for a set of exception ports in the spawned task.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object for the
 *                                      new process
 *              mask			A bitfield indicating which exceptions
 *                                      to associate the port with
 *              new_port		The new value for the exception port
 *              behavior		The default behavior for the port
 *              flavor			The default flavor for the port
 *                                      (see task_set_exception_ports)
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setexceptionports_np(
	posix_spawnattr_t       *attr,
	exception_mask_t        mask,
	mach_port_t              new_port,
	exception_behavior_t    behavior,
	thread_state_flavor_t   flavor)
{
	_ps_port_action_t action = {
		.port_type = PSPA_EXCEPTION,
		.mask = mask,
		.new_port = new_port,
		.behavior = behavior,
		.flavor = flavor,
	};
	return posix_spawn_appendportaction_np(attr, &action);
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setauditsessionport_np
 *
 * Description:	Set the audit session port rights attribute in the spawned task.
 *		This is used to securely set the audit session information for
 *		the new task.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn attributes object for the
 *                                      new process
 *              au_sessionport		The audit session send port right
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setauditsessionport_np(
	posix_spawnattr_t       *attr,
	mach_port_t              au_sessionport)
{
	_ps_port_action_t action = {
		.port_type = PSPA_AU_SESSION,
		.new_port = au_sessionport,
	};
	return posix_spawn_appendportaction_np(attr, &action);
}


/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_init
 *
 * Description:	Initialize a spawn file actions object attr with default values
 *
 * Parameters:	file_actions		The spawn file actions object to be
 *					initialized
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to
 *					initialize the spawn file actions
 *					object.
 *
 * Note:	As an implementation detail, the externally visibily type
 *		posix_spawn_file_actions_t is defined to be a void *, and
 *		initialization involves allocation of a memory object.
 *		Subsequent changes to the spawn file actions may result in
 *		reallocation under the covers.
 *
 *		Reinitialization of an already initialized spawn file actions
 *		object will result in memory being leaked.  Because spawn
 *		file actions are not required to be used in conjunction with a
 *		static initializer, there is no way to distinguish a spawn
 *		file actions with stack garbage from one that's been
 *		initialized.  This is arguably an API design error.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_init(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;
	int     err = 0;

	if ((*psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t)malloc(PSF_ACTIONS_SIZE(PSF_ACTIONS_INIT_COUNT))) == NULL) {
		err = ENOMEM;
	} else {
		(*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc = PSF_ACTIONS_INIT_COUNT;
		(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count = 0;
	}

	return err;
}


/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy
 *
 * Description:	Destroy a spawn file actions object that was previously
 *		initialized via posix_spawn_file_actions_init() by freeing any
 *		memory associated with it and setting it to an invalid value.
 *
 * Parameters:	attr			The spawn file actions object to be
 *					destroyed.
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Notes:	The destroyed spawn file actions results in the void * pointer
 *		being set to NULL; subsequent use without reinitialization
 *		will result in explicit program failure (rather than merely
 *		"undefined behaviour").
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_destroy(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t psacts;

	if (file_actions == NULL || *file_actions == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psacts = *(_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;
	free(psacts);
	*file_actions = NULL;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * _posix_spawn_file_actions_grow
 *
 * Description:	Grow the available list of file actions associated with the
 *		pointer to the structure provided; replace the contents of the
 *		pointer as a side effect.
 *
 * Parameters:	psactsp			Pointer to _posix_spawn_file_actions_t
 *					to grow
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory for operation
 *
 * Notes:	This code is common to all posix_spawn_file_actions_*()
 *		functions, since we use a naieve data structure implementation
 *		at present.  Future optimization will likely change this.
 */
static int
_posix_spawn_file_actions_grow(_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp)
{
	int newnum = 0;
	if (os_mul_overflow((*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc, 2, &newnum)) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	size_t newsize = PSF_ACTIONS_SIZE(newnum);
	if (newsize == 0) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	/*
	 * XXX may want to impose an administrative limit here; POSIX does
	 * XXX not provide for an administrative error return in this case,
	 * XXX so it's probably acceptable to just fail catastrophically
	 * XXX instead of implementing one.
	 */
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t new_psacts;
	if ((new_psacts = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t)realloc((*psactsp), newsize)) == NULL) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}
	new_psacts->psfa_act_alloc = newnum;
	*psactsp = new_psacts;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen
 *
 * Description:	Add an open action to the object referenced by 'file_actions'
 *		that will cause the file named by 'path' to be attempted to be
 *		opened with flags 'oflag' and mode 'mode', and, if successful,
 *		return as descriptor 'filedes' to the spawned process.
 *
 * Parameters:	file_actions		File action object to augment
 *		filedes			fd that open is to use
 *		path			path to file to open
 *		oflag			open file flags
 *		mode			open file mode
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		EBADF			The value specified by fildes is
 *					negative or greater than or equal to
 *					{OPEN_MAX}.
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to add to
 *					the spawn file actions object.
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_addopen(
	posix_spawn_file_actions_t * __restrict file_actions,
	int filedes, const char * __restrict path, int oflag,
	mode_t mode)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp;
	_psfa_action_t *psfileact;

	if (file_actions == NULL || *file_actions == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;
	/* Range check; required by POSIX */
	if (filedes < 0 || filedes >= OPEN_MAX) {
		return EBADF;
	}

	/* If we do not have enough slots, grow the structure */
	if ((*psactsp)->psfa_act_count == (*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc) {
		/* need to grow file actions structure */
		if (_posix_spawn_file_actions_grow(psactsp)) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate next available slot and fill it out
	 */
	psfileact = &(*psactsp)->psfa_act_acts[(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count++];

	psfileact->psfaa_type = PSFA_OPEN;
	psfileact->psfaa_filedes = filedes;
	psfileact->psfaa_openargs.psfao_oflag = oflag;
	psfileact->psfaa_openargs.psfao_mode = mode;
	strlcpy(psfileact->psfaa_openargs.psfao_path, path, PATH_MAX);

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose
 *
 * Description:	Add a close action to the object referenced by 'file_actions'
 *		that will cause the file referenced by 'filedes' to be
 *		attempted to be closed in the spawned process.
 *
 * Parameters:	file_actions		File action object to augment
 *		filedes			fd to close
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		EBADF			The value specified by fildes is
 *					negative or greater than or equal to
 *					{OPEN_MAX}.
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to add to
 *					the spawn file actions object.
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_addclose(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions,
    int filedes)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp;
	_psfa_action_t *psfileact;

	if (file_actions == NULL || *file_actions == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;
	/* Range check; required by POSIX */
	if (filedes < 0 || filedes >= OPEN_MAX) {
		return EBADF;
	}

	/* If we do not have enough slots, grow the structure */
	if ((*psactsp)->psfa_act_count == (*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc) {
		/* need to grow file actions structure */
		if (_posix_spawn_file_actions_grow(psactsp)) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate next available slot and fill it out
	 */
	psfileact = &(*psactsp)->psfa_act_acts[(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count++];

	psfileact->psfaa_type = PSFA_CLOSE;
	psfileact->psfaa_filedes = filedes;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2
 *
 * Description:	Add a dup2 action to the object referenced by 'file_actions'
 *		that will cause the file referenced by 'filedes' to be
 *		attempted to be dup2'ed to the descriptor 'newfiledes' in the
 *		spawned process.
 *
 * Parameters:	file_actions		File action object to augment
 *		filedes			fd to dup2
 *		newfiledes		fd to dup2 it to
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		EBADF			The value specified by either fildes
 *					or by newfiledes is negative or greater
 *					than or equal to {OPEN_MAX}.
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to add to
 *					the spawn file actions object.
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_adddup2(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions,
    int filedes, int newfiledes)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp;
	_psfa_action_t *psfileact;

	if (file_actions == NULL || *file_actions == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;
	/* Range check; required by POSIX */
	if (filedes < 0 || filedes >= OPEN_MAX ||
	    newfiledes < 0 || newfiledes >= OPEN_MAX) {
		return EBADF;
	}

	/* If we do not have enough slots, grow the structure */
	if ((*psactsp)->psfa_act_count == (*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc) {
		/* need to grow file actions structure */
		if (_posix_spawn_file_actions_grow(psactsp)) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate next available slot and fill it out
	 */
	psfileact = &(*psactsp)->psfa_act_acts[(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count++];

	psfileact->psfaa_type = PSFA_DUP2;
	psfileact->psfaa_filedes = filedes;
	psfileact->psfaa_dup2args.psfad_newfiledes = newfiledes;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_add_fileportdup2_np
 *
 * Description:	Add a dup2 action to the object referenced by 'file_actions'
 *		that will cause the file referenced by 'fileport' to be
 *		attempted to be dup2'ed to the descriptor 'newfiledes' in the
 *		spawned process.
 *
 * Parameters:	file_actions		File action object to augment
 *		filedes			fileport to dup2
 *		newfiledes		fd to dup2 it to
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		EBADF			fileport isn't a valid port, or the
 *					value specified by newfiledes is
 *					negative or greater than or equal to
 *					{OPEN_MAX}.
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to add to
 *					the spawn file actions object.
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_add_fileportdup2_np(
	posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions,
	mach_port_t fileport, int newfiledes)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp;
	_psfa_action_t *psfileact;

	if (file_actions == NULL || *file_actions == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;
	/* Range check; required by POSIX */
	if (!MACH_PORT_VALID(fileport) ||
	    newfiledes < 0 || newfiledes >= OPEN_MAX) {
		return EBADF;
	}

	/* If we do not have enough slots, grow the structure */
	if ((*psactsp)->psfa_act_count == (*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc) {
		/* need to grow file actions structure */
		if (_posix_spawn_file_actions_grow(psactsp)) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate next available slot and fill it out
	 */
	psfileact = &(*psactsp)->psfa_act_acts[(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count++];

	psfileact->psfaa_type = PSFA_FILEPORT_DUP2;
	psfileact->psfaa_fileport = fileport;
	psfileact->psfaa_dup2args.psfad_newfiledes = newfiledes;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_addinherit_np
 *
 * Description:	Add the "inherit" action to the object referenced by
 *		'file_actions' that will cause the file referenced by
 *		'filedes' to continue to be available in the spawned
 *		process via the same descriptor.
 *
 *		Inheritance is the normal default behaviour for
 *		file descriptors across exec and spawn; but if the
 *		POSIX_SPAWN_CLOEXEC_DEFAULT flag is set, the usual
 *		default is reversed for the purposes of the spawn
 *		invocation.  Any pre-existing descriptors that
 *		need to be made available to the spawned process can
 *		be marked explicitly as 'inherit' via this interface.
 *		Otherwise they will be automatically closed.
 *
 *		Note that any descriptors created via the other file
 *		actions interfaces are automatically marked as 'inherit'.
 *
 * Parameters:	file_actions		File action object to augment
 *		filedes			fd to inherit.
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		EBADF			The value specified by fildes is
 *					negative or greater than or equal to
 *					{OPEN_MAX}.
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to add to
 *					the spawn file actions object.
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_addinherit_np(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions,
    int filedes)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp;
	_psfa_action_t *psfileact;

	if (file_actions == NULL || *file_actions == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;
	/* Range check; required by POSIX */
	if (filedes < 0 || filedes >= OPEN_MAX) {
		return EBADF;
	}

#if defined(POSIX_SPAWN_CLOEXEC_DEFAULT)        // TODO: delete this check
	/* If we do not have enough slots, grow the structure */
	if ((*psactsp)->psfa_act_count == (*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc) {
		/* need to grow file actions structure */
		if (_posix_spawn_file_actions_grow(psactsp)) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate next available slot and fill it out
	 */
	psfileact = &(*psactsp)->psfa_act_acts[(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count++];

	psfileact->psfaa_type = PSFA_INHERIT;
	psfileact->psfaa_filedes = filedes;
#endif
	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np
 *
 * Description:	Add a chdir action to the object referenced by 'file_actions'
 *		that will cause the current working directory to attempt to be changed
 *      to that referenced by 'path' in the spawned process.
 *
 * Parameters:	file_actions		File action object to augment
 *		path			path of the desired working directory
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to add to
 *					the spawn file actions object.
 *		ENAMETOOLONG	The supplied path exceeded PATH_MAX.
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_addchdir_np(
	posix_spawn_file_actions_t * __restrict file_actions,
	const char * __restrict path)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp;
	_psfa_action_t *psfileact;

	if (file_actions == NULL || *file_actions == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;

	/* If we do not have enough slots, grow the structure */
	if ((*psactsp)->psfa_act_count == (*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc) {
		/* need to grow file actions structure */
		if (_posix_spawn_file_actions_grow(psactsp)) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate next available slot and fill it out
	 */
	psfileact = &(*psactsp)->psfa_act_acts[(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count++];

	psfileact->psfaa_type = PSFA_CHDIR;
	if (strlcpy(psfileact->psfaa_chdirargs.psfac_path, path, PATH_MAX) >= PATH_MAX) {
		(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count--;
		return ENAMETOOLONG;
	}

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawn_file_actions_fchdir_np
 *
 * Description:	Add a fchdir action to the object referenced by 'file_actions'
 *		that will cause the current working directory to attempt to be changed
 *      to that referenced by the descriptor 'filedes' in the spawned process.
 *
 * Parameters:	file_actions		File action object to augment
 *		filedes			fd to chdir to
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *		EBADF			The value specified by either fildes is negative or
 *                              greater than or equal to {OPEN_MAX}.
 *		ENOMEM			Insufficient memory exists to add to
 *					the spawn file actions object.
 *
 * NOTIMP:	Allowed failures (checking NOT required):
 *		EINVAL	The value specified by file_actions is invalid.
 */
int
posix_spawn_file_actions_addfchdir_np(posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions,
    int filedes)
{
	_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *psactsp;
	_psfa_action_t *psfileact;

	if (file_actions == NULL || *file_actions == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psactsp = (_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;
	/* Range check; in spirit of POSIX */
	if (filedes < 0 || filedes >= OPEN_MAX) {
		return EBADF;
	}

	/* If we do not have enough slots, grow the structure */
	if ((*psactsp)->psfa_act_count == (*psactsp)->psfa_act_alloc) {
		/* need to grow file actions structure */
		if (_posix_spawn_file_actions_grow(psactsp)) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Allocate next available slot and fill it out
	 */
	psfileact = &(*psactsp)->psfa_act_acts[(*psactsp)->psfa_act_count++];

	psfileact->psfaa_type = PSFA_FCHDIR;
	psfileact->psfaa_filedes = filedes;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_setcpumonitor_default(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr)
{
	return posix_spawnattr_setcpumonitor(attr, PROC_POLICY_CPUMON_DEFAULTS, 0);
}

int
posix_spawnattr_setcpumonitor(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    uint64_t percent, uint64_t interval)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_cpumonitor_percent = percent;
	psattr->psa_cpumonitor_interval = interval;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_getcpumonitor(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    uint64_t *percent, uint64_t *interval)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	*percent = psattr->psa_cpumonitor_percent;
	*interval = psattr->psa_cpumonitor_interval;

	return 0;
}

#if (TARGET_OS_IPHONE && !TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR)
/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setjetsam
 *
 * Description:	Set jetsam attributes for the spawn attribute object
 *		referred to by 'attr'.
 *
 * Parameters:	flags			The flags value to set
 *		priority		Relative jetsam priority
 *		memlimit		Value in megabytes; a memory footprint
 *					above this level may result in termination.
 *					Implies both active and inactive limits.
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 *
 * Note: to be deprecated (not available on desktop)
 *
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setjetsam(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    short flags, int priority, int memlimit)
{
	short flags_ext = flags;

	if (flags & POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_MEMLIMIT_FATAL) {
		flags_ext |= POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_MEMLIMIT_ACTIVE_FATAL;
		flags_ext |= POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_MEMLIMIT_INACTIVE_FATAL;
	} else {
		flags_ext &= ~POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_MEMLIMIT_ACTIVE_FATAL;
		flags_ext &= ~POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_MEMLIMIT_INACTIVE_FATAL;
	}

	return posix_spawnattr_setjetsam_ext(attr, flags_ext, priority, memlimit, memlimit);
}
#endif /* (TARGET_OS_IPHONE && !TARGET_OS_SIMULATOR) */

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_setjetsam_ext
 *
 * Description:	Set jetsam attributes for the spawn attribute object
 *		referred to by 'attr'.
 *
 * Parameters:	flags			The flags value to set
 *		priority		Relative jetsam priority
 *		memlimit_active		Value in megabytes; memory footprint
 *					above this level while process is
 *					active may result in termination.
 *		memlimit_inactive	Value in megabytes; memory footprint
 *					above this level while process is
 *					inactive may result in termination.
 *
 * Returns:	0			Success
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_setjetsam_ext(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    short flags, int priority, int memlimit_active, int memlimit_inactive)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_jetsam_flags = flags;
	psattr->psa_jetsam_flags |= POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_SET;
	psattr->psa_priority = priority;
	psattr->psa_memlimit_active = memlimit_active;
	psattr->psa_memlimit_inactive = memlimit_inactive;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_threadlimit_ext(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    int thread_limit)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_thread_limit = thread_limit;

	return 0;
}


/*
 * posix_spawnattr_set_importancewatch_port_np
 *
 * Description:	Mark ports referred to by these rights
 *              to boost the new task instead of their current task
 *              for the spawn attribute object referred to by 'attr'.
 *              Ports must be valid at posix_spawn time.  They will NOT be
 *              consumed by the kernel, so they must be deallocated after the spawn returns.
 *              (If you are SETEXEC-ing, they are cleaned up by the exec operation).
 *
 *              The maximum number of watch ports allowed is defined by POSIX_SPAWN_IMPORTANCE_PORT_COUNT.
 *
 * Parameters:	count           Number of ports in portarray
 *              portarray       Array of rights
 *
 * Returns:     0       Success
 *              EINVAL  Bad port count
 *              ENOMEM  Insufficient memory exists to add to
 *                      the spawn port actions object.
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_importancewatch_port_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    int count, mach_port_t portarray[])
{
	int err = 0, i;

	if (count < 0 || count > POSIX_SPAWN_IMPORTANCE_PORT_COUNT) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		_ps_port_action_t action = {
			.port_type = PSPA_IMP_WATCHPORTS,
			.new_port = portarray[i],
		};
		err = posix_spawn_appendportaction_np(attr, &action);
		if (err) {
			break;
		}
	}
	return err;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_registered_ports_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    mach_port_t portarray[], uint32_t count)
{
	int err = 0;

	if (count > TASK_PORT_REGISTER_MAX) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		_ps_port_action_t action = {
			.port_type = PSPA_REGISTERED_PORTS,
			.new_port = portarray[i],
		};
		err = posix_spawn_appendportaction_np(attr, &action);
		if (err) {
			break;
		}
	}
	return err;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_ptrauth_task_port_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    mach_port_t port)
{
	int err = 0;

	_ps_port_action_t action = {
		.port_type = PSPA_PTRAUTH_TASK_PORT,
		.new_port = port,
	};

	err = posix_spawn_appendportaction_np(attr, &action);
	return err;
}

static
_ps_mac_policy_extension_t *
posix_spawnattr_macpolicyinfo_lookup(_posix_spawn_mac_policy_extensions_t psmx, const char *policyname)
{
	int i;

	if (psmx == NULL) {
		return NULL;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < psmx->psmx_count; i++) {
		_ps_mac_policy_extension_t *extension = &psmx->psmx_extensions[i];
		if (strcmp(extension->policyname, policyname) == 0) {
			return extension;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_getmacpolicyinfo_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    const char *policyname, void **datap, size_t *datalenp)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	_ps_mac_policy_extension_t *extension;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL || policyname == NULL || datap == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	extension = posix_spawnattr_macpolicyinfo_lookup(psattr->psa_mac_extensions, policyname);
	if (extension == NULL) {
		return ESRCH;
	}
	*datap = (void *)(uintptr_t)extension->data;
	if (datalenp != NULL) {
		*datalenp = (size_t)extension->datalen;
	}
	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_setmacpolicyinfo_np(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    const char *policyname, void *data, size_t datalen)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	_posix_spawn_mac_policy_extensions_t psmx;
	_ps_mac_policy_extension_t *extension;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL || policyname == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psmx = psattr->psa_mac_extensions;
	extension = posix_spawnattr_macpolicyinfo_lookup(psattr->psa_mac_extensions, policyname);
	if (extension != NULL) {
		extension->data = (uintptr_t)data;
		extension->datalen = datalen;
		return 0;
	} else if (psmx == NULL) {
		psmx = psattr->psa_mac_extensions = malloc(PS_MAC_EXTENSIONS_SIZE(PS_MAC_EXTENSIONS_INIT_COUNT));
		if (psmx == NULL) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		psmx->psmx_alloc = PS_MAC_EXTENSIONS_INIT_COUNT;
		psmx->psmx_count = 0;
	} else if (psmx->psmx_count == psmx->psmx_alloc) {
		int newnum = 0;
		if (os_mul_overflow(psmx->psmx_alloc, 2, &newnum)) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		size_t extsize = PS_MAC_EXTENSIONS_SIZE(newnum);
		if (extsize == 0) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		psmx = psattr->psa_mac_extensions = reallocf(psmx, extsize);
		if (psmx == NULL) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		psmx->psmx_alloc = newnum;
	}
	extension = &psmx->psmx_extensions[psmx->psmx_count];
	strlcpy(extension->policyname, policyname, sizeof(extension->policyname));
	extension->data = (uintptr_t)data;
	extension->datalen = datalen;
	psmx->psmx_count += 1;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn_destroymacpolicy_info_np
 * Description: cleanup the macpolicy struct in posix_spawnattr_t attr
 */
static int
posix_spawn_destroymacpolicy_info_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	_posix_spawn_mac_policy_extensions_t psmx;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psmx = psattr->psa_mac_extensions;
	if (psmx == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr->psa_mac_extensions = NULL;
	free(psmx);
	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_setcoalition_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    uint64_t coalitionid, int type, int role)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	struct _posix_spawn_coalition_info *coal_info;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}
	if (type < 0 || type > COALITION_TYPE_MAX) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	coal_info = psattr->psa_coalition_info;
	if (!coal_info) {
		coal_info = (struct _posix_spawn_coalition_info *)malloc(sizeof(*coal_info));
		if (!coal_info) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		memset(coal_info, 0, sizeof(*coal_info));
		psattr->psa_coalition_info = coal_info;
	}

	coal_info->psci_info[type].psci_id   = coalitionid;
	coal_info->psci_info[type].psci_role = role;

	return 0;
}


int
posix_spawnattr_set_qos_clamp_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uint64_t qos_clamp)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	if (qos_clamp >= POSIX_SPAWN_PROC_CLAMP_LAST) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_qos_clamp = qos_clamp;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_get_qos_clamp_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uint64_t * __restrict qos_clampp)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	*qos_clampp = psattr->psa_qos_clamp;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_darwin_role_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uint64_t darwin_role)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_darwin_role = darwin_role;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_get_darwin_role_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uint64_t * __restrict darwin_rolep)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	*darwin_rolep = psattr->psa_darwin_role;

	return 0;
}


int
posix_spawnattr_set_persona_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uid_t persona_id, uint32_t flags)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	struct _posix_spawn_persona_info *persona;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	if (flags & ~POSIX_SPAWN_PERSONA_ALL_FLAGS) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	persona = psattr->psa_persona_info;
	if (!persona) {
		persona = (struct _posix_spawn_persona_info *)malloc(sizeof(*persona));
		if (!persona) {
			return ENOMEM;
		}
		persona->pspi_uid = 0;
		persona->pspi_gid = 0;
		persona->pspi_ngroups = 0;
		persona->pspi_groups[0] = 0;
		persona->pspi_gmuid = 0;

		psattr->psa_persona_info = persona;
	}

	persona->pspi_id = persona_id;
	persona->pspi_flags = flags;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_persona_uid_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uid_t uid)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	struct _posix_spawn_persona_info *persona;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	persona = psattr->psa_persona_info;
	if (!persona) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	persona->pspi_uid = uid;

	persona->pspi_flags |= POSIX_SPAWN_PERSONA_UID;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_persona_gid_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, gid_t gid)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	struct _posix_spawn_persona_info *persona;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	persona = psattr->psa_persona_info;
	if (!persona) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	persona->pspi_gid = gid;

	persona->pspi_flags |= POSIX_SPAWN_PERSONA_GID;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_persona_groups_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, int ngroups, gid_t *gidarray, uid_t gmuid)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;
	struct _posix_spawn_persona_info *persona;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	if (gidarray == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	if (ngroups > NGROUPS || ngroups < 0) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	persona = psattr->psa_persona_info;
	if (!persona) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	persona->pspi_ngroups = ngroups;
	for (int i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
		persona->pspi_groups[i] = gidarray[i];
	}

	persona->pspi_gmuid = gmuid;

	persona->pspi_flags |= POSIX_SPAWN_PERSONA_GROUPS;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_max_addr_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uint64_t max_addr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_max_addr = max_addr;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_setnosmt_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_no_smt = true;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_csm_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uint32_t flags)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	const uint32_t mask = POSIX_SPAWN_NP_CSM_ALL | POSIX_SPAWN_NP_CSM_TECS | POSIX_SPAWN_NP_CSM_NOSMT;
	if ((flags & ~mask) != 0) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	if (flags & (POSIX_SPAWN_NP_CSM_TECS | POSIX_SPAWN_NP_CSM_ALL)) {
		psattr->psa_tecs = true;
	}
	if (flags & (POSIX_SPAWN_NP_CSM_NOSMT | POSIX_SPAWN_NP_CSM_ALL)) {
		psattr->psa_no_smt = true;
	}

	return 0;
}

static struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info *
_posix_spawnattr_get_posix_creds_info(_posix_spawnattr_t psattr)
{
	struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info *pspci = psattr->psa_posix_cred_info;

	if (pspci == NULL) {
		pspci = malloc(sizeof(struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info));
		if (pspci != NULL) {
			pspci->pspci_flags = 0;
			pspci->pspci_uid = 0;
			pspci->pspci_gid = 0;
			pspci->pspci_ngroups = 0;
			pspci->pspci_groups[0] = 0;
			pspci->pspci_gmuid = 0;
			pspci->pspci_login[0] = '\0';
			psattr->psa_posix_cred_info = pspci;
		}
	}
	return pspci;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_uid_np(const posix_spawnattr_t *attr, uid_t uid)
{
	struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info *pspci;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	pspci = _posix_spawnattr_get_posix_creds_info(*(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr);
	if (pspci == NULL) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	pspci->pspci_uid = uid;

	pspci->pspci_flags |= POSIX_SPAWN_POSIX_CRED_UID;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_gid_np(const posix_spawnattr_t *attr, gid_t gid)
{
	struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info *pspci;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	pspci = _posix_spawnattr_get_posix_creds_info(*(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr);
	if (pspci == NULL) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	pspci->pspci_gid = gid;

	pspci->pspci_flags |= POSIX_SPAWN_POSIX_CRED_GID;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_groups_np(const posix_spawnattr_t *attr,
    int ngroups, gid_t *gidarray, uid_t gmuid)
{
	struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info *pspci;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	if (gidarray == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	if (ngroups > NGROUPS || ngroups < 0) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	pspci = _posix_spawnattr_get_posix_creds_info(*(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr);
	if (pspci == NULL) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	pspci->pspci_ngroups = ngroups;
	for (int i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
		pspci->pspci_groups[i] = gidarray[i];
	}

	pspci->pspci_gmuid = gmuid;

	pspci->pspci_flags |= POSIX_SPAWN_POSIX_CRED_GROUPS;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_login_np(const posix_spawnattr_t *attr, const char *login)
{
	struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info *pspci;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	if (strlen(login) > MAXLOGNAME) {
		return ERANGE;
	}

	pspci = _posix_spawnattr_get_posix_creds_info(*(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr);
	if (pspci == NULL) {
		return ENOMEM;
	}

	strlcpy(pspci->pspci_login, login, sizeof(pspci->pspci_login));

	pspci->pspci_flags |= POSIX_SPAWN_POSIX_CRED_LOGIN;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_portlimits_ext(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    uint32_t port_soft_limit, uint32_t port_hard_limit)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_port_soft_limit = port_soft_limit;
	psattr->psa_port_hard_limit = port_hard_limit;

	return 0;
}

int
posix_spawnattr_set_filedesclimit_ext(posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr,
    uint32_t filedesc_soft_limit, uint32_t filedesc_hard_limit)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	psattr->psa_filedesc_soft_limit = filedesc_soft_limit;
	psattr->psa_filedesc_hard_limit = filedesc_hard_limit;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_set_jetsam_ttr_np
 *
 * Description: Pass data regarding recent relaunch behavior when jetsammed for the process.
 *              The recent history is effectively converted into a histogram and the highest
 *              frequency bucket defines the "type" of the process. The type is passed along
 *              to the jetsam code as part of psa_jetsam_flags.
 *
 * Parameters:	count           Number of entries in the ttrs_millis array
 *              ttrs_millis     Array of raw data for relaunch behavior
 *
 * Returns:     0       Success
 *              EINVAL  Bad attr pointer or empty data array
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_jetsam_ttr_np(const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attr, uint32_t count, uint32_t *ttrs_millis)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	/*
	 * Define the bucketizing policy which would be used to generate the histogram. These
	 * values are based on looking at data from various Avg. Joanna runs.
	 */
	static const uint32_t relaunch_buckets_msecs[POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_RELAUNCH_BEHAVIOR_BUCKETS] = {
		5000,
		10000,
		UINT32_MAX
	};
	static const uint32_t relaunch_jetsam_flags[POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_RELAUNCH_BEHAVIOR_BUCKETS] = {
		POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_RELAUNCH_BEHAVIOR_HIGH,
		POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_RELAUNCH_BEHAVIOR_MED,
		POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_RELAUNCH_BEHAVIOR_LOW
	};

	/* Make sure the attr pointer is valid */
	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	/* Make sure the count of entries is non-zero */
	if (count == 0) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;

	/* Generate a histogram based on the relaunch data while maintaining highest frequency bucket info */
	int relaunch_histogram[POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_RELAUNCH_BEHAVIOR_BUCKETS] = {0};
	int max_frequency = -1;
	int highest_frequency_bucket = -1;

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
		/* For each data point passed in via launchd, find the bucket it lands in */
		for (uint32_t bucket = 0; bucket < POSIX_SPAWN_JETSAM_RELAUNCH_BEHAVIOR_BUCKETS; bucket++) {
			if (ttrs_millis[i] <= relaunch_buckets_msecs[bucket]) {
				relaunch_histogram[bucket]++;

				/* Check if the bucket is the highest frequency bucket now */
				if (relaunch_histogram[bucket] > max_frequency) {
					max_frequency = relaunch_histogram[bucket];
					highest_frequency_bucket = bucket;
				}
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	psattr->psa_jetsam_flags |= relaunch_jetsam_flags[highest_frequency_bucket];
	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawnattr_set_launch_type_np
 * Description: sets the launch type in posix_spawnattr_t attr
 */
int
posix_spawnattr_set_launch_type_np(posix_spawnattr_t *attr, uint8_t launch_type)
{
	_posix_spawnattr_t psattr;

	if (attr == NULL || *attr == NULL) {
		return EINVAL;
	}

	psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attr;
	psattr->psa_launch_type = launch_type;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * posix_spawn
 *
 * Description:	Create a new process from the process image corresponding to
 *		the supplied 'path' argument.
 *
 * Parameters:	pid				Pointer to pid_t to receive the
 *						PID of the spawned process, if
 *						successful and 'pid' != NULL
 *		path				Path of image file to spawn
 *		file_actions			spawn file actions object which
 *						describes file actions to be
 *						performed during the spawn
 *		attrp				spawn attributes object which
 *						describes attributes to be
 *						applied during the spawn
 *		argv				argument vector array; NULL
 *						terminated
 *		envp				environment vector array; NULL
 *						terminated
 *
 * Returns:	0				Success
 *		!0				An errno value indicating the
 *						cause of the failure to spawn
 *
 * Notes:	Unlike other system calls, the return value of this system
 *		call is expected to either be a 0 or an errno, rather than a
 *		0 or a -1, with the 'errno' variable being set.
 */
int
posix_spawn(pid_t * __restrict pid, const char * __restrict path,
    const posix_spawn_file_actions_t *file_actions,
    const posix_spawnattr_t * __restrict attrp,
    char *const argv[__restrict], char *const envp[__restrict])
{
	int saveerrno = errno;
	int ret = 0;
	struct _posix_spawn_args_desc ad;
	struct _posix_spawn_args_desc *adp = NULL;
	/*
	 * Only do extra work if we have file actions or attributes to push
	 * down.  We use a descriptor to push this information down, since we
	 * want to have size information, which will let us (1) preallocate a
	 * single chunk of memory for the copyin(), and (2) allow us to do a
	 * single copyin() per attributes or file actions as a monlithic block.
	 *
	 * Note:	A future implementation may attempt to do the same
	 *		thing for the argv/envp data, which could potentially
	 *		result in a performance improvement due to increased
	 *		kernel efficiency, even though it would mean copying
	 *		the data in user space.
	 */
	if ((file_actions != NULL && (*file_actions != NULL) && (*(_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions)->psfa_act_count > 0) || attrp != NULL) {
		memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad));
		adp = &ad;
		if (attrp != NULL && *attrp != NULL) {
			_posix_spawnattr_t psattr = *(_posix_spawnattr_t *)attrp;
			ad.attr_size = sizeof(struct _posix_spawnattr);
			ad.attrp = psattr;

			if (psattr->psa_ports != NULL) {
				size_t psact_size = PS_PORT_ACTIONS_SIZE(psattr->psa_ports->pspa_count);
				if (psact_size == 0 && psattr->psa_ports->pspa_count != 0) {
					errno = EINVAL;
					ret = -1;
					goto out;
				}
				ad.port_actions = psattr->psa_ports;
				ad.port_actions_size = psact_size;
			}
			if (psattr->psa_mac_extensions != NULL) {
				size_t macext_size = PS_MAC_EXTENSIONS_SIZE(psattr->psa_mac_extensions->psmx_count);
				if (macext_size == 0 && psattr->psa_mac_extensions->psmx_count != 0) {
					errno = EINVAL;
					ret = -1;
					goto out;
				}
				ad.mac_extensions = psattr->psa_mac_extensions;
				ad.mac_extensions_size = macext_size;
			}
			if (psattr->psa_coalition_info != NULL) {
				ad.coal_info_size = sizeof(struct _posix_spawn_coalition_info);
				ad.coal_info = psattr->psa_coalition_info;
			}
			if (psattr->psa_persona_info != NULL) {
				ad.persona_info_size = sizeof(struct _posix_spawn_persona_info);
				ad.persona_info = psattr->psa_persona_info;
			}
			if (psattr->psa_posix_cred_info != NULL) {
				ad.posix_cred_info_size = sizeof(struct _posix_spawn_posix_cred_info);
				ad.posix_cred_info = psattr->psa_posix_cred_info;
			}
			if (psattr->psa_subsystem_root_path != NULL) {
				ad.subsystem_root_path_size = MAXPATHLEN;
				ad.subsystem_root_path = psattr->psa_subsystem_root_path;
			}
		}
		if (file_actions != NULL && *file_actions != NULL) {
			_posix_spawn_file_actions_t psactsp =
			    *(_posix_spawn_file_actions_t *)file_actions;

			if (psactsp->psfa_act_count > 0) {
				size_t fa_size = PSF_ACTIONS_SIZE(psactsp->psfa_act_count);
				if (fa_size == 0 && psactsp->psfa_act_count != 0) {
					errno = EINVAL;
					ret = -1;
					goto out;
				}
				ad.file_actions_size = fa_size;
				ad.file_actions = psactsp;
			}
		}
	}

	if (!posix_spawn_with_filter ||
	    !posix_spawn_with_filter(pid, path, argv, envp, adp, &ret)) {
		ret = __posix_spawn(pid, path, adp, argv, envp);
	}

out:
	if (ret < 0) {
		ret = errno;
	}
	errno = saveerrno;
	return ret;
}

int
execve(const char *fname, char * const *argp, char * const *envp)
{
	int ret;
	if (execve_with_filter) {
		/* Noinline slow path to avoid a large stack frame in the common case */
		return execve_with_filter(fname, argp, envp);
	}

	ret = __execve(fname, argp, envp);
	return ret;
}