tools/lldbmacros/memory.py

""" Please make sure you read the README file COMPLETELY BEFORE reading anything below.
    It is very critical that you read coding guidelines in Section E in README file.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function

from builtins import chr
from builtins import hex
from builtins import range
from builtins import object

from xnu import *
import sys
import shlex
from utils import *
import xnudefines
from process import *
import macho
import json
from ctypes import c_int64
import six
from btlog import *
from operator import itemgetter

def get_vme_object(vme):
    """ Return vm_object associated with vme.. """
    if int(vme.vme_kernel_object) != 0:
        return kern.globals.kernel_object
    return vme.vme_object.vmo_object

def vm_unpack_pointer(packed, params, type_str = 'void *'):
    """ Unpack a pointer packed with VM_PACK_POINTER()
        params:
            packed       - value : The packed pointer value
            params       - value : The packing parameters of type vm_packing_params_t
            type_str     - str   : The type to cast the unpacked pointer into
        returns:
            The unpacked pointer
    """
    if params.vmpp_base_relative:
        addr = unsigned(packed) << int(params.vmpp_shift)
        if addr: addr += int(params.vmpp_base)
    else:
        bits  = int(params.vmpp_bits)
        shift = int(params.vmpp_shift)
        addr  = c_int64(unsigned(packed) << (64 - bits)).value
        addr >>= 64 - bits - shift
    return kern.GetValueFromAddress(addr, type_str)

def GetZPerCPU(root, cpu, element_type = None):
    """ Iterates over a percpu variable
        params:
            root         - value : Value object for per-cpu variable
            cpu          - int   : the CPU number
            element_type - str   : Type of element
        returns:
            one slot
    """
    pagesize = kern.globals.page_size
    mangle   = 1 << (8 * kern.ptrsize - 1)
    if element_type is None:
        element_type = root.GetSBValue().GetType()
    return kern.GetValueFromAddress((int(root) | mangle) + cpu * pagesize, element_type)

def IterateZPerCPU(root, element_type = None):
    """ Iterates over a percpu variable
        params:
            root         - value : Value object for per-cpu variable
            element_type - str   : Type of element
        returns:
            one slot
    """
    for i in range(0, kern.globals.zpercpu_early_count):
        yield GetZPerCPU(root, i, element_type)

@lldb_command('showzpcpu', "S")
def ShowZPerCPU(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Routine to show per-cpu zone allocated variables

        Usage: showzpcpu [-S] expression [field]
            -S  : sum the values instead of printing them
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        raise ArgumentError("No arguments passed")
    pagesize = kern.globals.page_size
    mangle   = 1 << (8 * kern.ptrsize - 1)
    sbv = pagesize.GetSBValue()
    v = sbv.CreateValueFromExpression(None, cmd_args[0])
    e = value(v)
    acc = 0
    for i in range(0, kern.globals.zpercpu_early_count):
        if len(cmd_args) == 1:
            t = sbv.CreateValueFromExpression(None, '(%s)%d' % (v.GetTypeName(), (int(e) | mangle) + i * pagesize)).Dereference()
        else:
            t = sbv.CreateValueFromExpression(None, '((%s)%d)->%s' % (v.GetTypeName(), (int(e) | mangle) + i * pagesize, cmd_args[1]))
        if "-S" in cmd_options:
            acc += value(t)
        else:
            print(value(t))

    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        print(acc)

def ZoneName(zone, zone_security):
    """ Formats the name for a given zone
        params:
            zone             - value : A pointer to a zone
            zone_security    - value : A pointer to zone security flags
        returns:
            the formated name for the zone
    """
    names = [ "", "default.", "data.", "", "kext."]
    return "{:s}{:s}".format(names[int(zone_security.z_kheap_id)], zone.z_name)

def GetZoneByName(name):
    """ Internal function to find a zone by name
    """
    for i in range(1, int(kern.GetGlobalVariable('num_zones'))):
        z = addressof(kern.globals.zone_array[i])
        zs = addressof(kern.globals.zone_security_array[i])
        if ZoneName(z, zs) == name:
            return z
    return None

def GetZoneCachedElements(zone):
    """ Internal function to return cached element addresses in a zone
    """
    cached = set()
    page_size = unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)

    def decode_element(addr):
        base = unsigned(addr) & -page_size
        idx  = unsigned(addr) & (page_size - 1)
        return base + unsigned(zone.z_elem_size) * idx

    if zone.z_pcpu_cache:
        for cache in IterateZPerCPU(zone.z_pcpu_cache):
            for i in range(0, cache.zc_alloc_cur):
                cached.add(decode_element(cache.zc_alloc_elems[i].ze_value))
            for i in range(0, cache.zc_free_cur):
                cached.add(decode_element(cache.zc_free_elems[i].ze_value))
            for mag in IterateTAILQ_HEAD(cache.zc_depot, 'zm_link', 's'):
                for i in range(0, mag.zm_cur):
                    cached.add(decode_element(mag.zm_elems[i].ze_value))

    return cached

def IterateZoneElements(zone, elem_type, minAddr=None, maxAddr=None):
    """ Internal function to return allocated elements in a zone
    """
    cached = GetZoneCachedElements(zone)

    for q in [zone.z_pageq_full, zone.z_pageq_partial]:
        for meta in ZoneIteratePageQueue(q):
            for e in meta.iterateElements():
                if minAddr is not None and e < minAddr:
                    continue
                if maxAddr is not None and e > maxAddr:
                    continue
                if meta.isElementFree(e):
                    continue
                if e in cached:
                    continue
                yield kern.GetValueFromAddress(e, elem_type)

def PrettyPrintDictionary(d):
    """ Internal function to pretty print a dictionary with string or integer values
        params: The dictionary to print
    """
    for key, value in list(d.items()):
        key += ":"
        if isinstance(value, int):
            print("{:<30s} {: >10d}".format(key, value))
        else:
            print("{:<30s} {: >10s}".format(key, value))

# Macro: memstats
@lldb_command('memstats', 'J')
def Memstats(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Prints out a summary of various memory statistics. In particular vm_page_wire_count should be greater than 2K or you are under memory pressure.
        usage: memstats -J
                Output json
    """
    print_json = False
    if "-J" in cmd_options:
        print_json = True

    memstats = {}
    try:
        memstats["memorystatus_level"] = int(kern.globals.memorystatus_level)
        memstats["memorystatus_available_pages"] = int(kern.globals.memorystatus_available_pages)
        memstats["inuse_ptepages_count"] = int(kern.globals.inuse_ptepages_count)
    except AttributeError:
        pass
    if hasattr(kern.globals, 'compressor_object'):
        memstats["compressor_page_count"] = int(kern.globals.compressor_object.resident_page_count)
    memstats["vm_page_throttled_count"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_throttled_count)
    memstats["vm_page_active_count"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_active_count)
    memstats["vm_page_inactive_count"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_inactive_count)
    memstats["vm_page_wire_count"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_wire_count)
    memstats["vm_page_free_count"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_free_count)
    memstats["vm_page_purgeable_count"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_purgeable_count)
    memstats["vm_page_inactive_target"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_inactive_target)
    memstats["vm_page_free_target"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_free_target)
    memstats["vm_page_free_reserved"] = int(kern.globals.vm_page_free_reserved)

    # Serializing to json here ensure we always catch bugs preventing
    # serialization
    as_json = json.dumps(memstats)
    if print_json:
        print(as_json)
    else:
        PrettyPrintDictionary(memstats)

@xnudebug_test('test_memstats')
def TestMemstats(kernel_target, config, lldb_obj, isConnected ):
    """ Test the functionality of memstats command
        returns
         - False on failure
         - True on success
    """
    if not isConnected:
        print("Target is not connected. Cannot test memstats")
        return False
    res = lldb.SBCommandReturnObject()
    lldb_obj.debugger.GetCommandInterpreter().HandleCommand("memstats", res)
    result = res.GetOutput()
    if result.split(":")[1].strip().find('None') == -1 :
        return True
    else:
        return False

# EndMacro: memstats

# Macro: showmemorystatus
def CalculateLedgerPeak(phys_footprint_entry):
    """ Internal function to calculate ledger peak value for the given phys footprint entry
        params: phys_footprint_entry - value representing struct ledger_entry *
        return: value - representing the ledger peak for the given phys footprint entry
    """
    return max(phys_footprint_entry['balance'], phys_footprint_entry.get('interval_max', 0))

@header("{: >8s} {: >12s} {: >12s} {: >10s} {: >10s} {: >12s} {: >14s} {: >10s} {: >12s} {: >10s} {: >10s} {: >10s}  {: <32s}\n".format(
'pid', 'effective', 'requested', 'state', 'relaunch', 'user_data', 'physical', 'iokit', 'footprint',
'recent peak', 'lifemax', 'limit', 'command'))
def GetMemoryStatusNode(proc_val):
    """ Internal function to get memorystatus information from the given proc
        params: proc - value representing struct proc *
        return: str - formatted output information for proc object
    """
    out_str = ''
    task_val = Cast(proc_val.task, 'task *')
    task_ledgerp = task_val.ledger
    ledger_template = kern.globals.task_ledger_template

    task_physmem_footprint_ledger_entry = GetLedgerEntryWithName(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, 'phys_mem')
    task_iokit_footprint_ledger_entry = GetLedgerEntryWithName(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, 'iokit_mapped')
    task_phys_footprint_ledger_entry = GetLedgerEntryWithName(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, 'phys_footprint')
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size

    phys_mem_footprint = task_physmem_footprint_ledger_entry['balance'] // page_size
    iokit_footprint = task_iokit_footprint_ledger_entry['balance'] // page_size
    phys_footprint = task_phys_footprint_ledger_entry['balance'] // page_size
    phys_footprint_limit = task_phys_footprint_ledger_entry['limit'] // page_size
    ledger_peak = CalculateLedgerPeak(task_phys_footprint_ledger_entry)
    phys_footprint_spike = ledger_peak // page_size
    phys_footprint_lifetime_max = task_phys_footprint_ledger_entry['lifetime_max'] // page_size

    format_string = '{0: >8d} {1: >12d} {2: >12d} {3: #011x} {4: >10d} {5: #011x} {6: >12d} {7: >10d} {8: >13d}'
    out_str += format_string.format(GetProcPID(proc_val), proc_val.p_memstat_effectivepriority,
        proc_val.p_memstat_requestedpriority, proc_val.p_memstat_state, proc_val.p_memstat_relaunch_flags,
        proc_val.p_memstat_userdata, phys_mem_footprint, iokit_footprint, phys_footprint)
    if phys_footprint != phys_footprint_spike:
        out_str += "{: >12d}".format(phys_footprint_spike)
    else:
        out_str += "{: >12s}".format('-')

    out_str += "{: >10d}  ".format(phys_footprint_lifetime_max)
    out_str += "{: >10d}  {: <32s}\n".format(phys_footprint_limit, GetProcName(proc_val))
    return out_str

@lldb_command('showmemorystatus')
def ShowMemoryStatus(cmd_args=None):
    """  Routine to display each entry in jetsam list with a summary of pressure statistics
         Usage: showmemorystatus
    """
    bucket_index = 0
    bucket_count = 20
    print(GetMemoryStatusNode.header)
    print("{: >21s} {: >12s} {: >38s} {: >10s} {: >12s} {: >10s} {: >10s}\n".format("priority", "priority", "(pages)", "(pages)", "(pages)",
        "(pages)", "(pages)", "(pages)"))
    while bucket_index < bucket_count:
        current_bucket = kern.globals.memstat_bucket[bucket_index]
        current_list = current_bucket.list
        current_proc = Cast(current_list.tqh_first, 'proc *')
        while unsigned(current_proc) != 0:
            print(GetMemoryStatusNode(current_proc))
            current_proc = current_proc.p_memstat_list.tqe_next
        bucket_index += 1
    print("\n\n")
    Memstats()

# EndMacro: showmemorystatus

class ZoneMeta(object):
    """
    Helper class that helpers walking metadata
    """

    def __init__(self, addr, isPageIndex = False):
        global kern
        pagesize  = kern.globals.page_size
        zone_info = kern.GetGlobalVariable('zone_info')

        def load_range(var):
            return (unsigned(var.min_address), unsigned(var.max_address))

        def in_range(x, r):
            return x >= r[0] and x < r[1]

        FOREIGN = GetEnumValue('zone_addr_kind_t', 'ZONE_ADDR_FOREIGN')
        NATIVE  = GetEnumValue('zone_addr_kind_t', 'ZONE_ADDR_NATIVE')

        self.meta_range = load_range(zone_info.zi_meta_range)
        self.native_range = load_range(zone_info.zi_map_range[NATIVE])
        self.foreign_range = load_range(zone_info.zi_map_range[FOREIGN])
        self.pgz_range = load_range(zone_info.zi_pgz_range)
        self.addr_base = min(self.foreign_range[0], self.native_range[0])

        addr = unsigned(addr)
        if isPageIndex:
            # sign extend
            addr = value(pagesize.GetSBValue().CreateValueFromExpression(None,
                '(long)(int)%d * %d' %(addr, pagesize)))
            addr = unsigned(addr)

        self.address = addr
        self.is_pgz = in_range(addr, self.pgz_range)

        if in_range(addr, self.meta_range):
            self.kind = 'Metadata'
            addr -= addr % sizeof('struct zone_page_metadata')
            self.meta_addr = addr
            self.meta = kern.GetValueFromAddress(addr, "struct zone_page_metadata *")

            self.page_addr = self.addr_base + (((addr - self.meta_range[0]) // sizeof('struct zone_page_metadata')) * pagesize)
        elif in_range(addr, self.native_range) or in_range(addr, self.foreign_range):
            addr &= ~(pagesize - 1)
            page_idx = (addr - self.addr_base) // pagesize

            self.kind = 'Element'
            self.page_addr = addr
            self.meta_addr = self.meta_range[0] + page_idx * sizeof('struct zone_page_metadata')
            self.meta = kern.GetValueFromAddress(self.meta_addr, "struct zone_page_metadata *")
        else:
            self.kind = 'Unknown'
            self.meta = None
            self.page_addr = 0
            self.meta_addr = 0

        if self.meta:
            self.zone = addressof(kern.globals.zone_array[self.meta.zm_index])
            self.zone_security = addressof(kern.globals.zone_security_array[self.meta.zm_index])
        else:
            self.zone = None
            self.zone_security = None

    def isSecondaryPage(self):
        return self.chunkLen() in GetEnumValues('zm_len_t', ['ZM_SECONDARY_PAGE', 'ZM_SECONDARY_PCPU_PAGE'])

    def getPageCount(self):
        n = self.chunkLen() or 0
        if self.zone and self.zone.z_percpu:
            n *= kern.globals.zpercpu_early_count
        return n

    def getAllocAvail(self):
        if not self.meta: return 0
        chunk_len = self.chunkLen()
        page_size = unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)
        return (chunk_len * page_size) // self.zone.z_elem_size

    def getAllocCount(self):
        if not self.meta: return 0
        return self.meta.zm_alloc_size // self.zone.z_elem_size

    def getReal(self):
        if self.isSecondaryPage():
            return ZoneMeta(unsigned(self.meta) - sizeof('struct zone_page_metadata') * unsigned(self.meta.zm_page_index))

        return self

    def getElementAddress(self, addr):
        meta  = self.getReal()
        esize = meta.zone.z_elem_size
        start = meta.page_addr

        if self.is_pgz:
            page_size = unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)
            return start + (meta.meta.zm_pgz_orig_addr & (page_size - 1))

        if esize == 0:
            return None

        start += int(meta.zone.z_pgz_oob_offs)
        estart = addr - start
        return unsigned(start + estart - (estart % esize))

    def getPGZSlot(self):
        page_size = unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)
        return (unsigned(self.address) - self.pgz_range[0]) // (2 * page_size)

    def getPGZAllocBt(self):
        slot = self.getPGZSlot()
        return GetObjectAtIndexFromArray(kern.globals.pgz_backtraces, slot * 2)

    def getPGZFreeBt(self):
        slot = self.getPGZSlot()
        if self.chunkLen() == GetEnumValue('zm_len_t', 'ZM_PGZ_ALLOCATED'):
            return None
        return GetObjectAtIndexFromArray(kern.globals.pgz_backtraces, slot * 2 + 1)

    def getInlineBitmapChunkLength(self):
        if self.zone.z_percpu:
            return unsigned(self.zone.z_chunk_pages)
        return self.chunkLen()

    def getBitmapSize(self):
        if not self.meta or self.zone.z_permanent or not self.meta.zm_chunk_len:
            return 0
        if self.meta.zm_inline_bitmap:
            return -4 * self.getInlineBitmapChunkLength()
        return 8 << (unsigned(self.meta.zm_bitmap) & 0x7);

    def getBitmap(self):
        if not self.meta or self.zone.z_permanent or not self.meta.zm_chunk_len:
            return 0
        if self.meta.zm_inline_bitmap:
            return unsigned(addressof(self.meta.zm_bitmap))
        bbase = unsigned(kern.globals.zone_info.zi_bits_range.min_address)
        index = unsigned(self.meta.zm_bitmap) & ~0x7
        return bbase + index;

    def getFreeCountSlow(self):
        if not self.meta or self.zone.z_permanent or not self.meta.zm_chunk_len:
            return self.getAllocAvail() - self.getAllocCount()

        n = 0
        if self.meta.zm_inline_bitmap:
            for i in range(0, self.getInlineBitmapChunkLength()):
                m = kern.GetValueFromAddress(self.meta_addr + i * 16,
                    'struct zone_page_metadata *');
                bits = unsigned(m.zm_bitmap)
                while bits:
                    n += 1
                    bits &= bits - 1
        else:
            bitmap = kern.GetValueFromAddress(self.getBitmap(), 'uint64_t *')
            for i in range(0, 1 << (unsigned(self.meta.zm_bitmap) & 0x7)):
                bits = unsigned(bitmap[i])
                while bits:
                    n += 1
                    bits &= bits - 1
        return n

    def chunkLen(self):
        if not self.meta:
            return None
        # work around issues with lldb & unsigned bitfields
        return unsigned(self.meta.zm_chunk_len) & 0xf;

    def isElementFree(self, addr):
        meta = self.meta

        if not meta or self.zone.z_permanent or not meta.zm_chunk_len:
            return True

        if self.is_pgz:
            return self.chunkLen() != GetEnumValue('zm_len_t', 'ZM_PGZ_ALLOCATED')

        start = int(self.page_addr + self.zone.z_pgz_oob_offs)
        esize = int(self.zone.z_elem_size)
        eidx = (addr - start) // esize

        if meta.zm_inline_bitmap:
            i = eidx // 32
            m = unsigned(meta) + sizeof('struct zone_page_metadata') * i
            bits = kern.GetValueFromAddress(m, meta).zm_bitmap
            return (bits & (1 << (eidx % 32))) != 0

        else:
            bitmap = kern.GetValueFromAddress(self.getBitmap(), 'uint64_t *')
            bits = unsigned(bitmap[eidx // 64])
            return (bits & (1 << (eidx % 64))) != 0

    def iterateElements(self):
        if self.meta is None:
            return
        esize = int(self.zone.z_elem_size)
        start = int(self.page_addr + self.zone.z_pgz_oob_offs)

        for i in range(0, int(self.zone.z_chunk_elems)):
            yield unsigned(start + i * esize)

@lldb_type_summary(['zone_page_metadata'])
@header("{:<20s} {:<10s} {:<10s} {:<24s} {:<20s} {:<20s}".format(
    'METADATA', 'PG_CNT', 'ALLOC_CNT', 'BITMAP', 'ZONE', 'NAME'))
def GetZoneMetadataSummary(meta):
    """ Summarize a zone metadata object
        params: meta - obj representing zone metadata in the kernel
        returns: str - summary of the zone metadata
    """

    if type(meta) != ZoneMeta:
        meta = ZoneMeta(meta)

    out_str = 'Metadata Description:\n' + GetZoneMetadataSummary.header + '\n'
    if meta.is_pgz:
        out_str += "{:<#20x} {:<10d} {:<10d} {:<18s}       {:<#20x} {:s}".format(
                meta.meta_addr, 1, meta.chunkLen() == GetEnumValue('zm_len_t', 'ZM_PGZ_ALLOCATED'),
                "-", meta.zone, ZoneName(meta.zone, meta.zone_security))
        return out_str

    if meta.isSecondaryPage():
        out_str += "{:<#20x} {:<10d} {:<10d} {:<#18x} @{:<4d} {:<#20x} {:s}\n".format(
                meta.meta_addr, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '(fake multipage meta)')
        meta = meta.getReal()
    out_str += "{:<#20x} {:<10d} {:<10d} {:<#18x} @{:<4d} {:<#20x} {:s}".format(
            meta.meta_addr, meta.getPageCount(), meta.getAllocCount(),
            meta.getBitmap(), meta.getBitmapSize(), meta.zone,
            ZoneName(meta.zone, meta.zone_security))
    return out_str

# Macro: showpgz

def PGZPrintBacktrace(bt, what):
    if bt is None:
        return

    print("{:s} backtrace:".format(what))
    base = unsigned(kern.GetGlobalVariable('vm_kernel_stext'))

    for i in range(0, bt.pgz_depth):
        pc = base + int(cast(bt.pgz_bt[i], 'int'))
        if not pc:
            break
        symbol_arr = kern.SymbolicateFromAddress(pc, fullSymbol=True)
        if symbol_arr:
            print(str(symbol_arr[0]))
        else:
            print('{:<#x} ???'.format(pc))

@lldb_command('showpgz', "A", fancy=True)
def PGZSummary(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """ Routine to show all live PGZ allocations
        Usage: showpgz [-A]

        -A     show freed entries too
    """
    bt = uses = slots = 0
    try:
        slots  = unsigned(kern.GetGlobalVariable('pgz_slots'))
        uses   = unsigned(kern.GetGlobalVariable('pgz_uses'))
        pgzbt  = unsigned(kern.GetGlobalVariable('pgz_backtraces'))
        guards = unsigned(kern.GetGlobalVariable('zone_guard_pages'))
    except:
        pass
    if uses == 0:
        print("PGZ disabled")
        return

    if pgzbt == 0:
        print("PGZ not initialized yet")

    zi = kern.GetGlobalVariable('zone_info')
    page_size = unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)
    pgz_min = unsigned(zi.zi_pgz_range.min_address) + page_size
    pgz_max = unsigned(zi.zi_pgz_range.max_address)

    addr = pgz_min
    while addr < pgz_max:
        i = (addr - pgz_min) // (2 * page_size)
        m = ZoneMeta(addr)
        e = m.getElementAddress(0)
        if not m.isElementFree(e):
            with O.table("Element {:4d}: {:<#20x} ({:<s})".format(i, e, ZoneName(m.zone, m.zone_security))):
                PGZPrintBacktrace(m.getPGZAllocBt(), "Allocation")
        elif e and "-A" in cmd_options:
            with O.table("Element {:4d}: {:<#20x} ({:<s})".format(i, e, ZoneName(m.zone, m.zone_security))):
                PGZPrintBacktrace(m.getPGZAllocBt(), "Allocation")
                PGZPrintBacktrace(m.getPGZFreeBt(), "Free")
        addr += 2 * unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)

    avail = kern.GetGlobalVariable("pgz_slot_avail")
    quarantine = kern.GetGlobalVariable("pgz_quarantine")

    print("{:<20s}: {:<d}".format("slots", slots))
    print("{:<20s}: {:<d}".format("slots_used", slots - avail - quarantine))
    print("{:<20s}: {:<d}".format("slots_avail", avail))
    print("{:<20s}: {:<d}".format("quarantine", quarantine))
    print("{:<20s}: {:<d}".format("sampling", kern.GetGlobalVariable("pgz_sample_rate")))
    print("{:<20s}: {:<d}".format("guard pages", guards))

# EndMacro: showpgz

@header("{:<20s} {:<10s} {:<10s} {:<20s} {:<10s}".format(
    'ADDRESS', 'TYPE', 'STATUS', 'PAGE_ADDR', 'OFFSET'))
def WhatIs(addr):
    """ Information about kernel pointer
    """
    global kern

    meta = ZoneMeta(addr)
    estart = None

    if meta.meta is None:
        out_str = "Address {:#018x} is outside of any zone map ({:#018x}-{:#018x})\n".format(
                addr, meta.native_range[0], meta.native_range[-1] + 1)
    else:
        if meta.kind[0] == 'E': # element
            page_offset_str = "{:d}/{:d}K".format(
                    addr - meta.page_addr, kern.globals.page_size // 1024)
            estart = meta.getElementAddress(addr)
            if estart is None:
                status = "Unattributed"
            elif meta.isElementFree(estart):
                status = "Free"
            elif estart in GetZoneCachedElements(meta.zone):
                status = "Cached"
            else:
                status = "Allocated"
        else:
            page_offset_str = "-"
            status = "-"
        out_str = WhatIs.header + '\n'
        out_str += "{meta.address:<#20x} {meta.kind:<10s} {status:<10s} {meta.page_addr:<#20x} {:<10s}\n\n".format(
                page_offset_str, meta=meta, status=status)
        out_str += GetZoneMetadataSummary(meta) + '\n\n'

    print(out_str)

    if estart is not None:
        print("Hexdump:\n")

        meta   = meta.getReal()
        esize  = int(meta.zone.z_elem_size)
        start  = int(meta.page_addr + meta.zone.z_pgz_oob_offs)
        marks  = {unsigned(addr): ">"}

        if not meta.is_pgz:
            try:
                if estart > start:
                    data_array = kern.GetValueFromAddress(estart - 16, "uint8_t *")
                    print_hex_data(data_array[0:16], estart - 16, "")
            except:
                pass

        print("------------------------------------------------------------------")
        try:
            data_array = kern.GetValueFromAddress(estart, "uint8_t *")
            print_hex_data(data_array[0:esize], estart, "", marks)
        except:
            print("*** unable to read memory ***")
            pass
        print("------------------------------------------------------------------")

        if not meta.is_pgz:
            try:
                data_array = kern.GetValueFromAddress(estart + esize, "uint8_t *")
                print_hex_data(data_array[0:16], estart + esize, "")
            except:
                pass
        else:
            PGZPrintBacktrace(meta.getPGZAllocBt(), "Allocation")
            PGZPrintBacktrace(meta.getPGZFreeBt(), "Free")

@lldb_command('whatis')
def WhatIsHelper(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to show information about a kernel pointer
        Usage: whatis <address>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        raise ArgumentError("No arguments passed")
    WhatIs(kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'void *'))

# Macro: showzcache

@lldb_type_summary(['zone','zone_t'])
@header("{:18s}  {:32s}  {:>6s}  {:>6s}  {:>6s}  {:>6s}  {:>6s}  {:>6s}  {:<s}".format(
    'ZONE', 'NAME', 'WSS', 'CONT', 'USED', 'FREE', 'CACHED', 'RECIRC', 'CPU_CACHES'))
def GetZoneCacheCPUSummary(zone, zone_security, verbose, O):
    """ Summarize a zone's cache broken up per cpu
        params:
          zone: value - obj representing a zone in kernel
        returns:
          str - summary of the zone's per CPU cache contents
    """
    format_string  = '{zone:#018x}  {:32s}  '
    format_string += '{zone.z_elems_free_wss:6d}  {cont:6.2f}  '
    format_string += '{used:6d}  {zone.z_elems_free:6d}  '
    format_string += '{cached:6d}  {recirc:6d}  {cpuinfo:s}'
    cache_elem_count = 0
    cpu_info = ""
    mag_capacity = unsigned(kern.GetGlobalVariable('zc_magazine_size'))
    depot_capacity = kern.GetGlobalVariable('depot_element_count')

    if zone.z_pcpu_cache:
        if verbose:
            cpu_info = None
            for cache in IterateZPerCPU(zone.z_pcpu_cache):
                if cpu_info is None:
                    cpu_info = "{ "
                else:
                    cpu_info += ", "
                per_cpu_count = unsigned(cache.zc_alloc_cur)
                per_cpu_count += unsigned(cache.zc_free_cur)
                per_cpu_count += unsigned(cache.zc_depot_cur) * mag_capacity
                cache_elem_count += per_cpu_count
                cpu_info += "{:3d} /{cache.zc_depot_max:3d}".format(per_cpu_count, cache=cache)
            cpu_info += " }"
        else:
            depot_cur = 0
            depot_max = 0
            for cache in IterateZPerCPU(zone.z_pcpu_cache):
                depot_cur += unsigned(cache.zc_alloc_cur)
                depot_cur += unsigned(cache.zc_free_cur)
                cache_elem_count += unsigned(cache.zc_depot_cur) * mag_capacity
                depot_max += unsigned(cache.zc_depot_max)
            cache_elem_count += depot_cur

            cpus = unsigned(kern.globals.zpercpu_early_count)
            cpu_info = "total: {:3d} / {:3d}, avg: {:5.1f} / {:5.1f}".format(
                    depot_cur, depot_max, float(depot_cur) / cpus, float(depot_max) / cpus)


    print(O.format(format_string, ZoneName(zone, zone_security),
            cached=cache_elem_count,
            used=zone.z_elems_avail - cache_elem_count - zone.z_elems_free,
            cont=float(zone.z_contention_wma) / 256.,
            recirc=zone.z_recirc_cur * mag_capacity,
            zone=zone, cpuinfo = cpu_info))

@lldb_command('showzcache', fancy=True)
def ZcacheCPUPrint(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """
    Routine to print a summary listing of all the kernel zones cache contents

    Usage: showzcache [-V]

    Use -V       to see more detailed output
    """
    global kern
    verbose = "-V" in cmd_options
    with O.table(GetZoneCacheCPUSummary.header):
        if len(cmd_args) == 1:
            zone = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'struct zone *')
            zone_array = [z[0] for z in kern.zones]
            zid = zone_array.index(zone)
            zone_security = kern.zones[zid][1]
            GetZoneCacheCPUSummary(zone, zone_security, verbose, O);
        else:
            for zval, zsval in kern.zones:
                if zval.z_self:
                    GetZoneCacheCPUSummary(zval, zsval, verbose, O)

# EndMacro: showzcache

# Macro: zprint

def GetZone(zone_val, zs_val, marks, security_marks):
    """ Internal function which gets a phython dictionary containing important zone information.
        params:
          zone_val: value - obj representing a zone in kernel
        returns:
          zone - python dictionary with zone stats
    """
    pcpu_scale = 1
    if zone_val.z_percpu:
        pcpu_scale = unsigned(kern.globals.zpercpu_early_count)
    pagesize = kern.globals.page_size
    zone = {}
    mag_capacity = unsigned(kern.GetGlobalVariable('zc_magazine_size'))
    zone["page_count"] = unsigned(zone_val.z_wired_cur) * pcpu_scale
    zone["allfree_page_count"] = unsigned(zone_val.z_wired_empty)

    cache_elem_count = 0
    if zone_val.z_pcpu_cache:
        for cache in IterateZPerCPU(zone_val.z_pcpu_cache):
            cache_elem_count += unsigned(cache.zc_alloc_cur)
            cache_elem_count += unsigned(cache.zc_free_cur)
            cache_elem_count += unsigned(cache.zc_depot_cur) * mag_capacity

    zone["size"] = zone["page_count"] * pagesize
    zone["submap_idx"] = unsigned(zs_val.z_submap_idx)

    zone["free_size"] = zone_val.z_elems_free * zone_val.z_elem_size * pcpu_scale
    zone["cached_size"] = cache_elem_count * zone_val.z_elem_size * pcpu_scale
    zone["used_size"] = zone["size"] - zone["free_size"] - zone["cached_size"]

    zone["element_count"] = zone_val.z_elems_avail - zone_val.z_elems_free - cache_elem_count
    zone["cache_element_count"] = cache_elem_count
    zone["free_element_count"] = unsigned(zone_val.z_elems_free)

    if zone_val.z_percpu:
        zone["allocation_size"] = unsigned(pagesize)
        zone["allocation_ncpu"] = unsigned(zone_val.z_chunk_pages)
    else:
        zone["allocation_size"] = unsigned(zone_val.z_chunk_pages * pagesize)
        zone["allocation_ncpu"] = 1
    zone["allocation_count"] = unsigned(zone["allocation_size"]) // unsigned(zone_val.z_elem_size)
    zone["allocation_waste"] = (zone["allocation_size"] % zone_val.z_elem_size) * zone["allocation_ncpu"]

    if not zone_val.__getattr__("z_self") :
        zone["destroyed"] = True
    else:
        zone["destroyed"] = False

    for mark in marks:
        if zone_val.__getattr__(mark[0]):
            zone[mark[0]] = True
        else:
            zone[mark[0]] = False

    for mark in security_marks:
        if zs_val.__getattr__(mark[0]):
            zone[mark[0]] = True
        else:
            zone[mark[0]] = False

    zone["name"] = ZoneName(zone_val, zs_val)
    if zone_val.exhaustible:
        zone["exhaustible"] = True
    else:
        zone["exhaustible"] = False

    zone["sequester_page_count"] = (unsigned(zone_val.z_va_cur) -
            unsigned(zone_val.z_wired_cur)) * pcpu_scale
    zone["page_count_max"] = unsigned(zone_val.z_wired_max) * pcpu_scale

    # Ensure the zone is serializable
    json.dumps(zone)
    return zone


@lldb_type_summary(['zone','zone_t'])
@header(("{:<18s}  {:_^47s}  {:_^24s}  {:_^13s}  {:_^28s}\n"+
"{:<18s}  {:>11s} {:>11s} {:>11s} {:>11s}  {:>8s} {:>7s} {:>7s}  {:>6s} {:>6s}  {:>8s} {:>6s} {:>5s} {:>7s}   {:<22s} {:<20s}").format(
'', 'SIZE (bytes)', 'ELEMENTS (#)', 'PAGES', 'ALLOC CHUNK CONFIG',
'ZONE', 'TOTAL', 'ALLOC', 'CACHE', 'FREE', 'ALLOC', 'CACHE', 'FREE', 'COUNT', 'FREE', 'SIZE (P)', 'ELTS', 'WASTE', 'ELT_SZ', 'FLAGS', 'NAME'))
def GetZoneSummary(zone_val, zs_val, marks, security_marks, stats):
    """ Summarize a zone with important information. See help zprint for description of each field
        params:
          zone_val: value - obj representing a zone in kernel
        returns:
          str - summary of the zone
    """
    pagesize = kern.globals.page_size
    out_string = ""
    zone = GetZone(zone_val, zs_val, marks, security_marks)

    pcpu_scale = 1
    if zone_val.z_percpu:
        pcpu_scale = unsigned(kern.globals.zpercpu_early_count)

    format_string  = '{zone:#018x}  {zd[size]:11,d} {zd[used_size]:11,d} {zd[cached_size]:11,d} {zd[free_size]:11,d}  '
    format_string += '{zd[element_count]:8,d} {zd[cache_element_count]:7,d} {zone.z_elems_free:7,d}  '
    format_string += '{z_wired_cur:6,d} {z_wired_empty:6,d}  '
    format_string += '{alloc_size_kb:3,d}K ({zone.z_chunk_pages:d}) '
    format_string += '{zd[allocation_count]:6,d} {zd[allocation_waste]:5,d} {z_elem_size:7,d}   '
    format_string += '{markings:<22s} {zone_name:<20s}'

    markings=""
    if zone["destroyed"]:
        markings+="I"
    else:
        markings+=" "

    for mark in marks:
        if zone[mark[0]]:
            markings += mark[1]
        else:
            markings+=" "
    for mark in security_marks:
        if zone[mark[0]]:
            markings += mark[1]
        else:
            markings+=" "


    """ Z_SUBMAP_IDX_READ_ONLY == 1
    """
    if zone["submap_idx"] == 1:
        markings += "%"
    else:
        markings+=" "

    alloc_size_kb = zone["allocation_size"] // 1024
    out_string += format_string.format(zone=zone_val, zd=zone,
            z_wired_cur=unsigned(zone_val.z_wired_cur) * pcpu_scale,
            z_wired_empty=unsigned(zone_val.z_wired_empty) * pcpu_scale,
            z_elem_size=unsigned(zone_val.z_elem_size) * pcpu_scale,
            alloc_size_kb=alloc_size_kb, markings=markings, zone_name=zone["name"])

    if zone["exhaustible"] :
            out_string += " (max: {:d})".format(zone["page_count_max"] * pagesize)

    if zone["sequester_page_count"] != 0 :
            out_string += " (sequester: {:d})".format(zone["sequester_page_count"])

    stats["cur_size"] += zone["size"]
    stats["used_size"] += zone["used_size"]
    stats["cached_size"] += zone["cached_size"]
    stats["free_size"] += zone["free_size"]
    stats["cur_pages"] += zone["page_count"]
    stats["free_pages"] += zone["allfree_page_count"]
    stats["seq_pages"] += zone["sequester_page_count"]

    return out_string

@lldb_command('zprint', "J", fancy=True)
def Zprint(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all the kernel zones
        usage: zprint -J
                Output json
    All columns are printed in decimal
    Legend:
        ! - zone uses VA sequestering
        $ - not encrypted during hibernation
        % - zone is a read-only zone
        A - currently trying to allocate more backing memory from kernel_memory_allocate without VM priv
        C - collectable
        D - destructible
        E - Per-cpu caching is enabled for this zone
        F - allows foreign memory (memory not allocated from any zone map)
        G - currently running GC
        H - exhaustible
        I - zone was destroyed and is no longer valid
        L - zone is being logged
        M - gzalloc will avoid monitoring this zone
        N - zone requires alignment (avoids padding this zone for debugging)
        O - does not allow refill callout to fill zone on noblock allocation
        R - will be refilled when below low water mark
        S - currently trying to allocate more backing memory from kernel_memory_allocate with VM priv
        X - expandable
    """
    global kern

    marks = [
            ["collectable",          "C"],
            ["z_destructible",       "D"],
            ["expandable",           "X"],
            ["exhaustible",          "H"],
            ["z_elems_rsv",          "R"],
            ["no_callout",           "O"],
            ["z_btlog",              "L"],
            ["z_expander",           "A"],
            ["z_expander_vm_priv",   "S"],
            ["z_pcpu_cache",         "E"],
            ["z_nogzalloc",          "M"],
            ["alignment_required",   "N"],
            ]
    security_marks = [
            ["z_allows_foreign",     "F"],
            ["z_va_sequester",       "!"],
            ["z_noencrypt",          "$"],
            ]

    stats = {
        "cur_size": 0, "used_size": 0, "cached_size": 0, "free_size": 0,
        "cur_pages": 0, "free_pages": 0, "seq_pages": 0
    }

    print_json = False
    if "-J" in cmd_options:
        print_json = True

    if print_json:
        zones = []
        for zval, zsval in kern.zones:
            if zval.z_self:
                zones.append(GetZone(zval, zsval, marks, security_marks))

        print(json.dumps(zones))
    else:
        with O.table(GetZoneSummary.header):
            for zval, zsval in kern.zones:
                if zval.z_self:
                    print(GetZoneSummary(zval, zsval, marks, security_marks, stats))

            format_string  = '{VT.Bold}{name:19s} {stats[cur_size]:11,d} {stats[used_size]:11,d} {stats[cached_size]:11,d} {stats[free_size]:11,d} '
            format_string += '                           '
            format_string += '{stats[cur_pages]:6,d} {stats[free_pages]:6,d}{VT.EndBold}  '
            format_string += '(sequester: {VT.Bold}{stats[seq_pages]:,d}{VT.EndBold})'
            print(O.format(format_string, name="TOTALS", filler="", stats=stats))


@xnudebug_test('test_zprint')
def TestZprint(kernel_target, config, lldb_obj, isConnected ):
    """ Test the functionality of zprint command
        returns
         - False on failure
         - True on success
    """
    if not isConnected:
        print("Target is not connected. Cannot test memstats")
        return False
    res = lldb.SBCommandReturnObject()
    lldb_obj.debugger.GetCommandInterpreter().HandleCommand("zprint", res)
    result = res.GetOutput()
    if len(result.split("\n")) > 2:
        return True
    else:
        return False


# EndMacro: zprint
# Macro: showtypes
def PrintVarTypesPerHeap(idx):
    print("Heap: %d" % (idx))
    print('    {0: <24s} {1: <40s} {2: <20s} {3: <20s}'.format(
        "kalloc_type_var_view", "typename", "signature(hdr)", "signature(type)"))
    kalloc_type_heap_array = kern.GetGlobalVariable('kalloc_type_heap_array')
    kt_var_heaps = kern.GetGlobalVariable('kt_var_heaps') + 1
    assert(idx < kt_var_heaps)
    heap = kalloc_type_heap_array[idx]
    ktv_cur = cast(heap.views, "struct kalloc_type_var_view *")
    prev_types = {}
    while ktv_cur:
        typename = str(ktv_cur.kt_name)
        typename = typename.split("site.")[1]
        sig_hdr = str(ktv_cur.kt_sig_hdr)
        sig_type = str(ktv_cur.kt_sig_type)
        if typename not in prev_types or prev_types[typename] != [sig_hdr, sig_type]:
            print_sig = [sig_hdr, sig_type]
            if sig_type == "":
                print_sig = ["data-only", ""]
            print('    {0: <#24x} {1: <40s} {2: <20s} {3: <20s}'.format(
                    ktv_cur, typename, print_sig[0], print_sig[1]))
            prev_types[typename] = [sig_hdr, sig_type]
        ktv_cur = cast(ktv_cur.kt_next, "struct kalloc_type_var_view *")


def ShowAllVarTypes():
    print("Variable kalloc type views")
    kt_var_heaps = kern.GetGlobalVariable('kt_var_heaps') + 1
    for i in range(kt_var_heaps):
        PrintVarTypesPerHeap(i)

def PrintTypes(z):
    kt_cur = cast(z.z_views, "struct kalloc_type_view *")
    prev_types = {}
    print('    {0: <24s} {1: <40s} {2: <10s}'.format(
        "kalloc_type_view", "typename", "signature"))
    while kt_cur:
        typename = str(kt_cur.kt_zv.zv_name)
        if "site." in typename:
            typename = typename.split("site.")[1]
            sig = str(kt_cur.kt_signature)
            if typename not in prev_types or prev_types[typename] != sig:
                print_sig = sig
                if sig == "":
                    print_sig = "data-only"
                print('    {0: <#24x} {1: <40s} {2: <10s}'.format(
                    kt_cur, typename, print_sig))
                prev_types[typename] = sig
        kt_cur = cast(kt_cur.kt_zv.zv_next, "struct kalloc_type_view *")

def ShowTypesPerSize(size):
    kalloc_type_zarray = kern.GetGlobalVariable('kalloc_type_zarray')
    num_kt_sizeclass = kern.GetGlobalVariable('num_kt_sizeclass')
    for i in range(num_kt_sizeclass):
        zone = kalloc_type_zarray[i]
        if zone and zone.z_elem_size == size:
            while zone:
                print("Zone: %s (0x%x)" % (zone.z_name, zone))
                PrintTypes(zone)
                zone = zone.z_kt_next
            break

def ShowAllTypes():
    kalloc_type_zarray = kern.GetGlobalVariable('kalloc_type_zarray')
    num_kt_sizeclass = kern.GetGlobalVariable('num_kt_sizeclass')
    for i in range(num_kt_sizeclass):
        zone = kalloc_type_zarray[i]
        while zone:
            print("Zone: %s (0x%x)" % (zone.z_name, zone))
            PrintTypes(zone)
            zone = zone.z_kt_next


@lldb_command('showkalloctypes', 'Z:S:V')
def ShowKallocTypes(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """
    prints kalloc types for a zone or sizeclass

    Usage: showkalloctypes [-Z <zone pointer or name>] [-S <sizeclass>] [-V]

    Use -Z       to show kalloc types associated to the specified zone name/ptr
    Use -S       to show all kalloc types of the specified sizeclass
    Use -V       to show all variable sized kalloc types

    If no options are provided kalloc types for all zones is printed.
    """
    if '-Z' in cmd_options:
        zone_arg = cmd_options['-Z']
        zone = GetZoneByName(zone_arg)
        if not zone:
            try:
                zone = kern.GetValueFromAddress(zone_arg, 'struct zone *')
            except:
                raise ArgumentError("Invalid zone {:s}".format(zone_arg))
        kalloc_type_var_str = "kalloc.type.var"
        zname = str(zone.z_name)
        if kalloc_type_var_str in zname:
            PrintVarTypesPerHeap(int(zname[len(kalloc_type_var_str)]))
            return
        print("Fixed size typed allocations\n")
        PrintTypes(zone)
        zone_array = [z[0] for z in kern.zones]
        zid = zone_array.index(zone)
        zone_security = kern.zones[zid][1]
        if "data.kalloc." in ZoneName(zone, zone_security):
            # Print variable kalloc types that get redirected to data heap
            print("Variable sized typed allocations\n")
            PrintVarTypesPerHeap(0)
        return
    if '-S' in cmd_options:
        size = unsigned(cmd_options['-S'])
        if size == 0:
            raise ArgumentError("Invalid size {:s}".format(cmd_options['-S']))
        ShowTypesPerSize(size)
        return
    if '-V' in cmd_options:
        ShowAllVarTypes()
        return
    ShowAllTypes()
    ShowAllVarTypes()

# EndMacro: showkalloctypes
# Macro: showzchunks

def ZoneIteratePageQueue(page):
    while page.packed_address:
        meta = ZoneMeta(page.packed_address, isPageIndex=True)
        yield meta
        page = meta.meta.zm_page_next

@header("{: <20s} {: <20s} {: <20s} {: <25s} {: <10s} {: <8s} {: <4s} {: >9s}".format(
    "Zone", "Metadata", "Page", "Bitmap", "Kind", "Queue", "Pgs", "Allocs"))
def GetZoneChunk(meta, queue, O=None):
    format_string  = "{meta.zone: <#20x} "
    format_string += "{meta.meta_addr: <#20x} {meta.page_addr: <#20x} "
    format_string += "{bitmap: <#18x} @{bitmap_size:<5d} "
    format_string += "{kind:<10s} {queue:<8s} {pgs:<1d}/{chunk:<1d}  "
    format_string += "{alloc_count: >4d}/{avail_count: >4d}"

    pgs = int(meta.zone.z_chunk_pages)
    chunk = pgs
    if meta.isSecondaryPage():
        kind = "secondary"
        pgs -= int(meta.meta.zm_page_index)
    else:
        kind = "primary"

    alloc_count=meta.getAllocCount()
    avail_count=meta.getAllocAvail()
    free_count=meta.getFreeCountSlow()

    return O.format(format_string, meta=meta,
            alloc_count=alloc_count,
            avail_count=avail_count,
            bitmap=meta.getBitmap(),
            bitmap_size=meta.getBitmapSize(),
            queue=queue, kind=kind, pgs=pgs, chunk=chunk)

def ShowZChunksImpl(zone, extra_addr=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    verbose = '-V' in cmd_options
    cached = GetZoneCachedElements(zone)

    def do_content(meta, O, indent=False):
        with O.table("{:>5s}  {:<20s} {:<10s}".format("#", "Element", "State"), indent=indent):
            i = 0
            for e in meta.iterateElements():
                status = "Allocated"
                if meta.isElementFree(e):
                    status = "Free"
                elif e in cached:
                    status = "Cached"
                print(O.format("{:5d}  {:<#20x} {:10s}", i, e, status))
                i += 1

    if extra_addr is None:
        with O.table(GetZoneChunk.header):
            for meta in ZoneIteratePageQueue(zone.z_pageq_full):
                print(GetZoneChunk(meta, "full", O))
                if verbose: do_content(meta, O, indent=True);

            for meta in ZoneIteratePageQueue(zone.z_pageq_partial):
                print(GetZoneChunk(meta, "partial", O))
                if verbose: do_content(meta, O, indent=True);

            for meta in ZoneIteratePageQueue(zone.z_pageq_empty):
                print(GetZoneChunk(meta, "empty", O))
                if verbose: do_content(meta, O, indent=True);

            for meta in ZoneIteratePageQueue(zone.z_pageq_va):
                print(GetZoneChunk(meta, "va", O))
    else:
        meta = ZoneMeta(extra_addr, isPageIndex="-I" in cmd_options).getReal()
        with O.table(GetZoneChunk.header):
            print(GetZoneChunk(meta, "N/A", O))
        do_content(meta, O)

@lldb_command('showzchunks', "IV", fancy=True)
def ShowZChunks(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """
    prints the list of zone chunks, or the content of a given chunk

    Usage: showzchunks <zone> [-I] [-V] [address]

    Use -I       to interpret [address] as a page index
    Use -V       to show the contents of all the chunks

    [address]    can by any address belonging to the zone, or metadata
    """

    if not cmd_args:
        return O.error('missing zone argument')

    zone = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'struct zone *')

    if len(cmd_args) == 1:
        ShowZChunksImpl(zone, cmd_options=cmd_options, O=O)
    else:
        addr = unsigned(kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[1]))
        ShowZChunksImpl(zone, extra_addr=addr, cmd_options=cmd_options, O=O)

@lldb_command('showallzchunks', fancy=True)
def ShowAllZChunks(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """
    prints the list of all zone chunks

    Usage: showallzchunks
    """

    for z, zs in kern.zones:
        ShowZChunksImpl(z, O=O)

# EndMacro: showzchunks
# Macro: zstack stuff

ZSTACK_OPS = { 0: "free", 1: "alloc" }

@lldb_command('zstack_showzonesbeinglogged', fancy=True)
def ZstackShowZonesBeingLogged(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """ Show all zones which have BTLog enabled.
    """
    global kern

    with O.table("{:<20s} {:<20s} {:<6s} {:s}".format("zone", "btlog", "type", "name")):
        for zval, zsval in kern.zones:
            if not zval.z_btlog: continue
            btlog = BTLog(int(zval.z_btlog))
            print(O.format("{:<#20x} {:<#20x} {:<6s} {:s}",
                    zval, btlog.address(), btlog.get_type_str(), ZoneName(zval, zsval)))

@header("{:<8s} {:10s} {:>10s}".format("op", "btref", "count"))
def ZStackShowIndexEntries(O, btidx):
    """
    Helper function to show BTLog index() entries
    """

    btlib = BTLibrary()

    with O.table(ZStackShowIndexEntries.header):
        for ref, op, count in btidx:
            print(O.format("{:<8s} {:#010x} {:10d}", ZSTACK_OPS[op], ref, count))
            for s in btlib.get_stack(ref).symbolicated_frames():
                print(O.format("    {:s}", s))

@lldb_command('zstack', fancy=True)
def Zstack(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """ Zone leak debugging: Print the stack trace logged at <index> in the stacks list.

        Usage: zstack <btlog addr> <index> [<count>]

        If a <count> is supplied, it prints <count> stacks starting at <index>.

        The suggested usage is to look at stacks with high percentage of refs (maybe > 25%).
        The stack trace that occurs the most is probably the cause of the leak. Use zstack_findleak for that.
    """

    if not cmd_args:
        return O.error('missing btlog argument')

    btlog = BTLog(cmd_args[0])
    btidx = sorted(btlog.index())

    ZStackShowIndexEntries(O, btidx)

@lldb_command('zstack_inorder', fancy=True)
def ZStackObsolete(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """
    *** Obsolte macro ***
    """
    return O.error("Obsolete macro")

@lldb_command('zstack_findleak', fancy=True)
def zstack_findleak(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """ Zone leak debugging: search the log and print the stack with the most active entries.

        Usage: zstack_findleak <btlog addr> [<count>]

        This is useful for verifying a suspected stack as being the source of
        the leak.
    """

    if not cmd_args:
        return O.error('missing btlog argument')

    count = 1
    if len(cmd_args) > 1:
        count = int(cmd_args[1])

    btlog = BTLog(cmd_args[0])
    if not btlog.is_hash():
        return O.error('btlog is not a hash')

    btidx = sorted(btlog.index(), key=itemgetter(2), reverse=True)
    ZStackShowIndexEntries(O, btidx[:count])

@header("{:<8s} {:10s}".format("op", "btref"))
@lldb_command('zstack_findelem', fancy=True)
def ZStackFindElem(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """ Zone corruption debugging: search the zone log and print out the stack traces for all log entries that
        refer to the given zone element.

        Usage: zstack_findelem <btlog addr> <elem addr>

        When the kernel panics due to a corrupted zone element,
        get the element address and use this command.

        This will show you the stack traces of all logged zalloc and zfree
        operations which tells you who touched the element in the recent past.

        This also makes double-frees readily apparent.
    """

    if len(cmd_args) < 2:
        return O.error('missing btlog or element argument')

    btlog = BTLog(cmd_args[0])
    btlib = BTLibrary()
    addr  = int(kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[1]))
    prev_op = None

    with O.table(ZStackFindElem.header):
        for _, _, op, ref in btlog.iter_records(wantElement=addr):
            print(O.format("{:<8s} {:#010x}", ZSTACK_OPS[op], ref))
            for s in btlib.get_stack(ref).symbolicated_frames():
                print(O.format("    {:s}", s))
            if prev_op == op:
                print("")
                O.error("******** double {:s} ********", ZSTACK_OPS[op])
                print("")
            prev_op = op

@lldb_command('zstack_findtop', 'N:', fancy=True)
def ShowZstackTop(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """ Zone leak debugging: search the log and print the stacks with the most active references
        in the stack trace.

        Usage: zstack_findtop [-N <n-stacks>] <btlog-addr>
    """

    if not cmd_args:
        return O.error('missing btlog argument')

    count = int(cmd_options.get("-N", 5))
    btlog = BTLog(cmd_args[0])
    btidx = sorted(btlog.index(), key=itemgetter(2), reverse=True)

    ZStackShowIndexEntries(O, btidx[:count])

# EndMacro: zstack stuff
#Macro: showpcpu

@lldb_command('showpcpu', "N:V", fancy=True)
def ShowPCPU(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}, O=None):
    """ Show per-cpu variables
    usage: showpcpu [-N <cpu>] [-V] <variable name>

    Use -N <cpu> to only dump the value for a given CPU number
    Use -V       to dump the values of the variables after their addresses
    """

    if not cmd_args:
        raise ArgumentError("No arguments passed")

    cpu = None
    ncpu = kern.globals.zpercpu_early_count
    pcpu_base = kern.globals.percpu_base

    if "-N" in cmd_options:
        cpu = unsigned(int(cmd_options["-N"]))
        if cpu >= unsigned(ncpu):
            raise ArgumentError("Invalid cpu {d}".format(cpu))

    var = addressof(kern.GetGlobalVariable('percpu_slot_' + cmd_args[0]))
    ty  = var.GetSBValue().GetTypeName()

    r = list(range(0, ncpu))
    if cpu is not None:
        r = list(range(cpu, cpu + 1))

    def PCPUSlot(pcpu_var, i):
        addr = unsigned(pcpu_var) + kern.PERCPU_BASE(i)
        return kern.GetValueFromAddress(addr, pcpu_var)

    with O.table("{:<4s} {:<20s}".format("CPU", "address")):
        for i in r:
            print(O.format("{:<4d} ({:s}){:#x}", i, ty, PCPUSlot(var, i)))

    if not "-V" in cmd_options:
        return

    for i in r:
        with O.table("CPU {:d}".format(i)):
            print(dereference(PCPUSlot(var, i)))

#EndMacro: showpcpu
# Macro: showioalloc

@lldb_command('showioalloc')
def ShowIOAllocations(cmd_args=None):
    """ Show some accounting of memory allocated by IOKit allocators. See ioalloccount man page for details.
        Routine to display a summary of memory accounting allocated by IOKit allocators.
    """
    print("Instance allocation  = {0: <#0x} = {1: d}K".format(kern.globals.debug_ivars_size, kern.globals.debug_ivars_size // 1024))
    print("Container allocation = {0: <#0x} = {1: d}K".format(kern.globals.debug_container_malloc_size, kern.globals.debug_container_malloc_size // 1024))
    print("IOMalloc allocation  = {0: <#0x} = {1: d}K".format(kern.globals.debug_iomalloc_size, kern.globals.debug_iomalloc_size // 1024))
    print("Container allocation = {0: <#0x} = {1: d}K".format(kern.globals.debug_iomallocpageable_size, kern.globals.debug_iomallocpageable_size // 1024))

# EndMacro: showioalloc
# Macro: showselectmem

@lldb_command('showselectmem', "S:")
def ShowSelectMem(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Show memory cached by threads on calls to select.

        usage: showselectmem [-v]
            -v        : print each thread's memory
                        (one line per thread with non-zero select memory)
            -S {addr} : Find the thread whose thread-local select set
                        matches the given address
    """
    verbose = False
    opt_wqs = 0
    if config['verbosity'] > vHUMAN:
        verbose = True
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        opt_wqs = unsigned(kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options["-S"], 'uint64_t *'))
        if opt_wqs == 0:
            raise ArgumentError("Invalid waitq set address: {:s}".format(cmd_options["-S"]))
    selmem = 0
    if verbose:
        print("{:18s} {:10s} {:s}".format('Task', 'Thread ID', 'Select Mem (bytes)'))
    for t in kern.tasks:
        for th in IterateQueue(t.threads, 'thread *', 'task_threads'):
            uth = GetBSDThread(th)
            wqs = 0
            if hasattr(uth, 'uu_allocsize'): # old style
                thmem = uth.uu_allocsize
                wqs = uth.uu_wqset
            elif hasattr(uth, 'uu_wqstate_sz'): # new style
                thmem = uth.uu_wqstate_sz
                wqs = uth.uu_wqset
            else:
                print("What kind of uthread is this?!")
                return
            if opt_wqs and opt_wqs == unsigned(wqs):
                print("FOUND: {:#x} in thread: {:#x} ({:#x})".format(opt_wqs, unsigned(th), unsigned(th.thread_id)))
            if verbose and thmem > 0:
                print("{:<#18x} {:<#10x} {:d}".format(unsigned(t), unsigned(th.thread_id), thmem))
            selmem += thmem
    print('-'*40)
    print("Total: {:d} bytes ({:d} kbytes)".format(selmem, selmem // 1024))

# Endmacro: showselectmem

# Macro: showtaskvme
@lldb_command('showtaskvme', "PS")
def ShowTaskVmeHelper(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Display a summary list of the specified vm_map's entries
        Usage: showtaskvme <task address>  (ex. showtaskvme 0x00ataskptr00 )
        Use -S flag to show VM object shadow chains
        Use -P flag to show pager info (mapped file, compressed pages, ...)
    """
    show_pager_info = False
    show_all_shadows = False
    if "-P" in cmd_options:
        show_pager_info = True
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        show_all_shadows = True
    task = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'task *')
    ShowTaskVMEntries(task, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows)

@lldb_command('showallvme', "PS")
def ShowAllVME(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all the vm map entries
        Go Through each task in system and show the vm memory regions
        Use -S flag to show VM object shadow chains
        Use -P flag to show pager info (mapped file, compressed pages, ...)
    """
    show_pager_info = False
    show_all_shadows = False
    if "-P" in cmd_options:
        show_pager_info = True
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        show_all_shadows = True
    for task in kern.tasks:
        ShowTaskVMEntries(task, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows)

@lldb_command('showallvm')
def ShowAllVM(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all the vm maps
    """
    for task in kern.tasks:
        print(GetTaskSummary.header + ' ' + GetProcSummary.header)
        print(GetTaskSummary(task) + ' ' + GetProcSummary(Cast(task.bsd_info, 'proc *')))
        print(GetVMMapSummary.header)
        print(GetVMMapSummary(task.map))

@lldb_command("showtaskvm")
def ShowTaskVM(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about the specified task's vm_map
        syntax: (lldb) showtaskvm <task_ptr>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        print(ShowTaskVM.__doc__)
        return False
    task = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'task *')
    if not task:
        print("Unknown arguments.")
        return False
    print(GetTaskSummary.header + ' ' + GetProcSummary.header)
    print(GetTaskSummary(task) + ' ' + GetProcSummary(Cast(task.bsd_info, 'proc *')))
    print(GetVMMapSummary.header)
    print(GetVMMapSummary(task.map))
    return True

def GetLedgerEntryBalance(template, ledger, idx):
    entry = GetLedgerEntryWithTemplate(template, ledger, idx)
    return entry['balance']

@lldb_command('showallvmstats')
def ShowAllVMStats(cmd_args=None):
    """ Print a summary of vm statistics in a table format
    """
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size
    vmstats = lambda:None
    vmstats.wired_count = 0
    vmstats.resident_count = 0
    vmstats.resident_max = 0
    vmstats.internal = 0
    vmstats.external = 0
    vmstats.reusable = 0
    vmstats.compressed = 0
    vmstats.compressed_peak = 0
    vmstats.compressed_lifetime = 0
    vmstats.error = ''

    hdr_format = "{:>6s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:<20s} {:1s}"
    print(hdr_format.format('#ents', 'wired', 'vsize', 'rsize', 'NEW RSIZE', 'max rsize', 'internal', 'external', 'reusable', 'compressed', 'compressed', 'compressed', 'pid', 'command', ''))
    print(hdr_format.format('', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(current)', '(peak)', '(lifetime)', '', '', ''))
    entry_format = "{m.hdr.nentries: >6d} {s.wired_count: >10d} {vsize: >10d} {s.resident_count: >10d} {s.new_resident_count: >10d} {s.resident_max: >10d} {s.internal: >10d} {s.external: >10d} {s.reusable: >10d} {s.compressed: >10d} {s.compressed_peak: >10d} {s.compressed_lifetime: >10d} {1: >10d} {0: <32s} {s.error}"

    ledger_template = kern.globals.task_ledger_template
    entry_indices = {}
    entry_indices['wired_mem'] = GetLedgerEntryIndex(ledger_template, 'wired_mem')
    assert(entry_indices['wired_mem'] != -1)
    entry_indices['phys_mem'] = GetLedgerEntryIndex(ledger_template, 'phys_mem')
    assert(entry_indices['phys_mem'] != -1)
    entry_indices['internal'] = GetLedgerEntryIndex(ledger_template, 'internal')
    assert(entry_indices['internal'] != -1)
    entry_indices['external'] = GetLedgerEntryIndex(ledger_template, 'external')
    assert(entry_indices['external'] != -1)
    entry_indices['reusable'] = GetLedgerEntryIndex(ledger_template, 'reusable')
    assert(entry_indices['reusable'] != -1)
    entry_indices['internal_compressed'] = GetLedgerEntryIndex(ledger_template, 'internal_compressed')
    assert(entry_indices['internal_compressed'] != -1)

    for task in kern.tasks:
        proc = Cast(task.bsd_info, 'proc *')
        vmmap = Cast(task.map, '_vm_map *')
        page_size = 1 << int(vmmap.hdr.page_shift)
        task_ledgerp = task.ledger
        vmstats.error = ''
        def GetLedgerEntryBalancePages(template, ledger, index):
            return GetLedgerEntryBalance(template, ledger, index) // page_size
        vmstats.wired_count = GetLedgerEntryBalancePages(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['wired_mem'])
        vmstats.resident_count = GetLedgerEntryBalancePages(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['phys_mem'])
        vmstats.resident_max = GetLedgerEntryWithTemplate(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['phys_mem'])['lifetime_max'] // page_size
        vmstats.internal = GetLedgerEntryBalancePages(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['internal'])
        vmstats.external = GetLedgerEntryBalancePages(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['external'])
        vmstats.reusable = GetLedgerEntryBalancePages(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['reusable'])
        vmstats.compressed = GetLedgerEntryBalancePages(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['internal_compressed'])
        vmstats.compressed_peak = GetLedgerEntryWithTemplate(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['internal_compressed'])['lifetime_max'] // page_size
        vmstats.compressed_lifetime = GetLedgerEntryWithTemplate(ledger_template, task_ledgerp, entry_indices['internal_compressed'])['credit'] // page_size
        vmstats.new_resident_count = vmstats.internal + vmstats.external

        if vmstats.internal < 0:
            vmstats.error += '*'
        if vmstats.external < 0:
            vmstats.error += '*'
        if vmstats.reusable < 0:
            vmstats.error += '*'
        if vmstats.compressed < 0:
            vmstats.error += '*'
        if vmstats.compressed_peak < 0:
            vmstats.error += '*'
        if vmstats.compressed_lifetime < 0:
            vmstats.error += '*'
        if vmstats.new_resident_count +vmstats.reusable != vmstats.resident_count:
            vmstats.error += '*'

        print(entry_format.format(GetProcName(proc), GetProcPID(proc), p=proc, m=vmmap, vsize=(unsigned(vmmap.size) // page_size), t=task, s=vmstats))


def ShowTaskVMEntries(task, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows):
    """  Routine to print out a summary listing of all the entries in a vm_map
        params:
            task - core.value : a object of type 'task *'
        returns:
            None
    """
    print("vm_map entries for task " + hex(task))
    print(GetTaskSummary.header)
    print(GetTaskSummary(task))
    if not task.map:
        print("Task {0: <#020x} has map = 0x0")
        return None
    print(GetVMMapSummary.header)
    print(GetVMMapSummary(task.map))
    vme_list_head = task.map.hdr.links
    vme_ptr_type = GetType('vm_map_entry *')
    print(GetVMEntrySummary.header)
    for vme in IterateQueue(vme_list_head, vme_ptr_type, "links"):
        print(GetVMEntrySummary(vme, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows))
    return None

@lldb_command("showmap")
def ShowMap(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print out info about the specified vm_map
        usage: showmap <vm_map>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowMap.__doc__)
        return
    map_val = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_map_t')
    print(GetVMMapSummary.header)
    print(GetVMMapSummary(map_val))

@lldb_command("showmapvme")
def ShowMapVME(cmd_args=None):
    """Routine to print out info about the specified vm_map and its vm entries
        usage: showmapvme <vm_map>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowMapVME.__doc__)
        return
    map_val = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_map_t')
    print(GetVMMapSummary.header)
    print(GetVMMapSummary(map_val))
    vme_list_head = map_val.hdr.links
    vme_ptr_type = GetType('vm_map_entry *')
    print(GetVMEntrySummary.header)
    for vme in IterateQueue(vme_list_head, vme_ptr_type, "links"):
        print(GetVMEntrySummary(vme))
    return None

def GetResidentPageCount(vmmap):
    resident_pages = 0
    ledger_template = kern.globals.task_ledger_template
    if vmmap.pmap != 0 and vmmap.pmap != kern.globals.kernel_pmap:
        idx = GetLedgerEntryIndex(ledger_template, "phys_mem")
        phys_mem = GetLedgerEntryBalance(ledger_template, vmmap.pmap.ledger, idx)
        resident_pages = phys_mem // kern.globals.page_size
    return resident_pages

@lldb_type_summary(['_vm_map *', 'vm_map_t'])
@header("{0: <20s} {1: <20s} {2: <20s} {3: >5s} {4: >5s} {5: <20s} {6: <20s} {7: <7s}".format("vm_map", "pmap", "vm_size", "#ents", "rpage", "hint", "first_free", "pgshift"))
def GetVMMapSummary(vmmap):
    """ Display interesting bits from vm_map struct """
    out_string = ""
    format_string = "{0: <#020x} {1: <#020x} {2: <#020x} {3: >5d} {4: >5d} {5: <#020x} {6: <#020x} {7: >7d}"
    vm_size = uint64_t(vmmap.size).value
    resident_pages = GetResidentPageCount(vmmap)
    first_free = 0
    if int(vmmap.holelistenabled) == 0: first_free = vmmap.f_s._first_free
    out_string += format_string.format(vmmap, vmmap.pmap, vm_size, vmmap.hdr.nentries, resident_pages, vmmap.hint, first_free, vmmap.hdr.page_shift)
    return out_string

@lldb_type_summary(['vm_map_entry'])
@header("{0: <20s} {1: <20s} {2: <5s} {3: >7s} {4: <20s} {5: <20s}".format("entry", "start", "prot", "#page", "object", "offset"))
def GetVMEntrySummary(vme):
    """ Display vm entry specific information. """
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size
    out_string = ""
    format_string = "{0: <#020x} {1: <#20x} {2: <1x}{3: <1x}{4: <3s} {5: >7d} {6: <#020x} {7: <#020x}"
    vme_protection = int(vme.protection)
    vme_max_protection = int(vme.max_protection)
    vme_extra_info_str ="SC-Ds"[int(vme.inheritance)]
    if int(vme.is_sub_map) != 0 :
        vme_extra_info_str +="s"
    elif int(vme.needs_copy) != 0 :
        vme_extra_info_str +="n"
    num_pages = (unsigned(vme.links.end) - unsigned(vme.links.start)) // page_size
    out_string += format_string.format(vme, vme.links.start, vme_protection, vme_max_protection, vme_extra_info_str, num_pages, get_vme_object(vme), vme.vme_offset)
    return out_string

# EndMacro: showtaskvme
@lldb_command('showmapwired')
def ShowMapWired(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print out a summary listing of all the entries with wired pages in a vm_map
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument", ShowMapWired.__doc__)
        return
    map_val = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_map_t')

@lldb_type_summary(['mount *'])
@header("{0: <20s} {1: <20s} {2: <20s} {3: <12s} {4: <12s} {5: <12s} {6: >6s} {7: <30s} {8: <35s} {9: <30s}".format('volume(mp)', 'mnt_data', 'mnt_devvp', 'flag', 'kern_flag', 'lflag', 'type', 'mnton', 'mntfrom', 'iosched supported'))
def GetMountSummary(mount):
    """ Display a summary of mount on the system
    """
    out_string = ("{mnt: <#020x} {mnt.mnt_data: <#020x} {mnt.mnt_devvp: <#020x} {mnt.mnt_flag: <#012x} " +
                  "{mnt.mnt_kern_flag: <#012x} {mnt.mnt_lflag: <#012x} {vfs.f_fstypename: >6s} " +
                  "{vfs.f_mntonname: <30s} {vfs.f_mntfromname: <35s} {iomode: <30s}").format(mnt=mount, vfs=mount.mnt_vfsstat, iomode=('Yes' if (mount.mnt_ioflags & 0x4) else 'No'))
    return out_string

@lldb_command('showallmounts')
def ShowAllMounts(cmd_args=None):
    """ Print all mount points
    """
    mntlist = kern.globals.mountlist
    print(GetMountSummary.header)
    for mnt in IterateTAILQ_HEAD(mntlist, 'mnt_list'):
        print(GetMountSummary(mnt))
    return

lldb_alias('ShowAllVols', 'showallmounts')

@lldb_command('systemlog')
def ShowSystemLog(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display the kernel's printf ring buffer """
    msgbufp = kern.globals.msgbufp
    msg_size = int(msgbufp.msg_size)
    msg_bufx = int(msgbufp.msg_bufx)
    msg_bufr = int(msgbufp.msg_bufr)
    msg_bufc = msgbufp.msg_bufc
    msg_bufc_data = msg_bufc.GetSBValue().GetPointeeData(0, msg_size)

    # the buffer is circular; start at the write pointer to end,
    # then from beginning to write pointer
    line = bytearray()
    err = lldb.SBError()
    for i in list(range(msg_bufx, msg_size)) + list(range(0, msg_bufx)) :
        err.Clear()
        cbyte = msg_bufc_data.GetUnsignedInt8(err, i)
        if not err.Success() :
            raise ValueError("Failed to read character at offset " + str(i) + ": " + err.GetCString())
        c = chr(cbyte)
        if c == '\0' :
            continue
        elif c == '\n' :
            print(six.ensure_str(line.decode('utf-8')))
            line = bytearray()
        else :
            line.append(cbyte)

    if len(line) > 0 :
        print(six.ensure_str(line.decode('utf-8')))

    return

@static_var('output','')
def _GetVnodePathName(vnode, vnodename):
    """ Internal function to get vnode path string from vnode structure.
        params:
            vnode - core.value
            vnodename - str
        returns Nothing. The output will be stored in the static variable.
    """
    if not vnode:
        return
    if int(vnode.v_flag) & 0x1 and int(hex(vnode.v_mount), 16) !=0:
        if int(vnode.v_mount.mnt_vnodecovered):
            _GetVnodePathName(vnode.v_mount.mnt_vnodecovered, str(vnode.v_mount.mnt_vnodecovered.v_name) )
    else:
        _GetVnodePathName(vnode.v_parent, str(vnode.v_parent.v_name))
        _GetVnodePathName.output += "/%s" % vnodename

def GetVnodePath(vnode):
    """ Get string representation of the vnode
        params: vnodeval - value representing vnode * in the kernel
        return: str - of format /path/to/something
    """
    out_str = ''
    if vnode:
            if (int(vnode.v_flag) & 0x000001) and int(hex(vnode.v_mount), 16) != 0 and (int(vnode.v_mount.mnt_flag) & 0x00004000) :
                out_str += "/"
            else:
                _GetVnodePathName.output = ''
                if abs(vnode.v_name) != 0:
                    _GetVnodePathName(vnode, str(vnode.v_name))
                    out_str += _GetVnodePathName.output
                else:
                    out_str += 'v_name = NULL'
                _GetVnodePathName.output = ''
    return out_str


@lldb_command('showvnodepath')
def ShowVnodePath(cmd_args=None):
    """ Prints the path for a vnode
        usage: showvnodepath <vnode>
    """
    if cmd_args != None and len(cmd_args) > 0 :
        vnode_val = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vnode *')
        if vnode_val:
            print(GetVnodePath(vnode_val))
    return

# Macro: showvnodedev
def GetVnodeDevInfo(vnode):
    """ Internal function to get information from the device type vnodes
        params: vnode - value representing struct vnode *
        return: str - formatted output information for block and char vnode types passed as param
    """
    vnodedev_output = ""
    vblk_type = GetEnumValue('vtype::VBLK')
    vchr_type = GetEnumValue('vtype::VCHR')
    if (vnode.v_type == vblk_type) or (vnode.v_type == vchr_type):
        devnode = Cast(vnode.v_data, 'devnode_t *')
        devnode_dev = devnode.dn_typeinfo.dev
        devnode_major = (devnode_dev >> 24) & 0xff
        devnode_minor = devnode_dev & 0x00ffffff

        # boilerplate device information for a vnode
        vnodedev_output += "Device Info:\n\t vnode:\t\t{:#x}".format(vnode)
        vnodedev_output += "\n\t type:\t\t"
        if (vnode.v_type == vblk_type):
            vnodedev_output += "VBLK"
        if (vnode.v_type == vchr_type):
            vnodedev_output += "VCHR"
        vnodedev_output += "\n\t name:\t\t{:<s}".format(vnode.v_name)
        vnodedev_output += "\n\t major, minor:\t{:d},{:d}".format(devnode_major, devnode_minor)
        vnodedev_output += "\n\t mode\t\t0{:o}".format(unsigned(devnode.dn_mode))
        vnodedev_output += "\n\t owner (u,g):\t{:d} {:d}".format(devnode.dn_uid, devnode.dn_gid)

        # decode device specific data
        vnodedev_output += "\nDevice Specific Information:\t"
        if (vnode.v_type == vblk_type):
            vnodedev_output += "Sorry, I do not know how to decode block devices yet!"
            vnodedev_output += "\nMaybe you can write me!"

        if (vnode.v_type == vchr_type):
            # Device information; this is scanty
            # range check
            if (devnode_major > 42) or (devnode_major < 0):
                vnodedev_output +=  "Invalid major #\n"
            # static assignments in conf
            elif (devnode_major == 0):
                vnodedev_output += "Console mux device\n"
            elif (devnode_major == 2):
                vnodedev_output += "Current tty alias\n"
            elif (devnode_major == 3):
                vnodedev_output += "NULL device\n"
            elif (devnode_major == 4):
                vnodedev_output += "Old pty slave\n"
            elif (devnode_major == 5):
                vnodedev_output += "Old pty master\n"
            elif (devnode_major == 6):
                vnodedev_output += "Kernel log\n"
            elif (devnode_major == 12):
                vnodedev_output += "Memory devices\n"
            # Statically linked dynamic assignments
            elif unsigned(kern.globals.cdevsw[devnode_major].d_open) == unsigned(kern.GetLoadAddressForSymbol('ptmx_open')):
                vnodedev_output += "Cloning pty master not done\n"
                #GetVnodeDevCpty(devnode_major, devnode_minor)
            elif unsigned(kern.globals.cdevsw[devnode_major].d_open) == unsigned(kern.GetLoadAddressForSymbol('ptsd_open')):
                vnodedev_output += "Cloning pty slave not done\n"
                #GetVnodeDevCpty(devnode_major, devnode_minor)
            else:
                vnodedev_output += "RESERVED SLOT\n"
    else:
        vnodedev_output += "{:#x} is not a device".format(vnode)
    return vnodedev_output

@lldb_command('showvnodedev')
def ShowVnodeDev(cmd_args=None):
    """  Routine to display details of all vnodes of block and character device types
         Usage: showvnodedev <address of vnode>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        print("No arguments passed")
        print(ShowVnodeDev.__doc__)
        return False
    vnode_val = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vnode *')
    if not vnode_val:
        print("unknown arguments:", str(cmd_args))
        return False
    print(GetVnodeDevInfo(vnode_val))

# EndMacro: showvnodedev

# Macro: showvnodelocks
def GetVnodeLock(lockf):
    """ Internal function to get information from the given advisory lock
        params: lockf - value representing v_lockf member in struct vnode *
        return: str - formatted output information for the advisory lock
    """
    vnode_lock_output = ''
    lockf_flags = lockf.lf_flags
    lockf_type = lockf.lf_type
    if lockf_flags & 0x20:
        vnode_lock_output += ("{: <8s}").format('flock')
    if lockf_flags & 0x40:
        vnode_lock_output += ("{: <8s}").format('posix')
    if lockf_flags & 0x80:
        vnode_lock_output += ("{: <8s}").format('prov')
    if lockf_flags & 0x10:
        vnode_lock_output += ("{: <4s}").format('W')
    if lockf_flags & 0x400:
        vnode_lock_output += ("{: <8s}").format('ofd')
    else:
        vnode_lock_output += ("{: <4s}").format('.')

    # POSIX file vs advisory range locks
    if lockf_flags & 0x40:
        lockf_proc = Cast(lockf.lf_id, 'proc *')
        vnode_lock_output += ("PID {: <18d}").format(GetProcPID(lockf_proc))
    else:
        vnode_lock_output += ("ID {: <#019x}").format(int(lockf.lf_id))

    # lock type
    if lockf_type == 1:
        vnode_lock_output += ("{: <12s}").format('shared')
    else:
        if lockf_type == 3:
            vnode_lock_output += ("{: <12s}").format('exclusive')
        else:
            if lockf_type == 2:
                vnode_lock_output += ("{: <12s}").format('unlock')
            else:
                vnode_lock_output += ("{: <12s}").format('unknown')

    # start and stop values
    vnode_lock_output += ("{: #018x} ..").format(lockf.lf_start)
    vnode_lock_output += ("{: #018x}\n").format(lockf.lf_end)
    return vnode_lock_output

@header("{0: <3s} {1: <7s} {2: <3s} {3: <21s} {4: <11s} {5: ^19s} {6: ^17s}".format('*', 'type', 'W', 'held by', 'lock type', 'start', 'end'))
def GetVnodeLocksSummary(vnode):
    """ Internal function to get summary of advisory locks for the given vnode
        params: vnode - value representing the vnode object
        return: str - formatted output information for the summary of advisory locks
    """
    out_str = ''
    if vnode:
            lockf_list = vnode.v_lockf
            for lockf_itr in IterateLinkedList(lockf_list, 'lf_next'):
                out_str += ("{: <4s}").format('H')
                out_str += GetVnodeLock(lockf_itr)
                lockf_blocker = lockf_itr.lf_blkhd.tqh_first
                while lockf_blocker:
                    out_str += ("{: <4s}").format('>')
                    out_str += GetVnodeLock(lockf_blocker)
                    lockf_blocker = lockf_blocker.lf_block.tqe_next
    return out_str

@lldb_command('showvnodelocks')
def ShowVnodeLocks(cmd_args=None):
    """  Routine to display list of advisory record locks for the given vnode address
         Usage: showvnodelocks <address of vnode>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        print("No arguments passed")
        print(ShowVnodeLocks.__doc__)
        return False
    vnode_val = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vnode *')
    if not vnode_val:
        print("unknown arguments:", str(cmd_args))
        return False
    print(GetVnodeLocksSummary.header)
    print(GetVnodeLocksSummary(vnode_val))

# EndMacro: showvnodelocks

# Macro: showproclocks

@lldb_command('showproclocks')
def ShowProcLocks(cmd_args=None):
    """  Routine to display list of advisory record locks for the given process
         Usage: showproclocks <address of proc>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        print("No arguments passed")
        print(ShowProcLocks.__doc__)
        return False
    proc = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'proc *')
    if not proc:
        print("unknown arguments:", str(cmd_args))
        return False
    out_str = ''
    proc_filedesc = addressof(proc.p_fd)
    fd_ofiles = proc_filedesc.fd_ofiles
    seen = 0

    for fd in range(0, unsigned(proc_filedesc.fd_afterlast)):
        if fd_ofiles[fd]:
            fglob = fd_ofiles[fd].fp_glob
            fo_type = fglob.fg_ops.fo_type
            if fo_type == 1:
                fg_data = Cast(fglob.fg_data, 'void *')
                fg_vnode = Cast(fg_data, 'vnode *')
                name = fg_vnode.v_name
                lockf_itr = fg_vnode.v_lockf
                if lockf_itr:
                    if not seen:
                        print(GetVnodeLocksSummary.header)
                    seen = seen + 1
                    out_str += ("\n( fd {:d}, name ").format(fd)
                    if not name:
                        out_str += "(null) )\n"
                    else:
                        out_str += "{:s} )\n".format(name)
                    print(out_str)
                    print(GetVnodeLocksSummary(fg_vnode))
    print("\n{0: d} total locks for {1: #018x}".format(seen, proc))

# EndMacro: showproclocks

@lldb_type_summary(['vnode_t', 'vnode *'])
@header("{0: <20s} {1: >8s} {2: >9s} {3: >8s} {4: <20s} {5: <6s} {6: <20s} {7: <6s} {8: <6s} {9: <35s}".format('vnode', 'usecount', 'kusecount', 'iocount', 'v_data', 'vtype', 'parent', 'mapped', 'cs_version', 'name'))
def GetVnodeSummary(vnode):
    """ Get a summary of important information out of vnode
    """
    out_str = ''
    format_string = "{0: <#020x} {1: >8d} {2: >8d} {3: >8d} {4: <#020x} {5: <6s} {6: <#020x} {7: <6s} {8: <6s} {9: <35s}"
    usecount = int(vnode.v_usecount)
    kusecount = int(vnode.v_kusecount)
    iocount = int(vnode.v_iocount)
    v_data_ptr = int(hex(vnode.v_data), 16)
    vtype = int(vnode.v_type)
    vtype_str = "%d" % vtype
    vnode_types = ['VNON', 'VREG', 'VDIR', 'VBLK', 'VCHR', 'VLNK', 'VSOCK', 'VFIFO', 'VBAD', 'VSTR', 'VCPLX']  # see vnode.h for enum type definition
    if vtype >= 0 and vtype < len(vnode_types):
        vtype_str = vnode_types[vtype]
    parent_ptr = int(hex(vnode.v_parent), 16)
    name_ptr = int(hex(vnode.v_name), 16)
    name =""
    if name_ptr != 0:
        name = str(vnode.v_name)
    elif int(vnode.v_tag) == 16 :
        cnode = Cast(vnode.v_data, 'cnode *')
        name = "hfs: %s" % str( Cast(cnode.c_desc.cd_nameptr, 'char *'))
    mapped = '-'
    csblob_version = '-'
    if (vtype == 1) and (vnode.v_un.vu_ubcinfo != 0):
        csblob_version = '{: <6d}'.format(vnode.v_un.vu_ubcinfo.cs_add_gen)
        # Check to see if vnode is mapped/unmapped
        if (vnode.v_un.vu_ubcinfo.ui_flags & 0x8) != 0:
            mapped = '1'
        else:
            mapped = '0'
    out_str += format_string.format(vnode, usecount, kusecount, iocount, v_data_ptr, vtype_str, parent_ptr, mapped, csblob_version, name)
    return out_str

@lldb_command('showallvnodes')
def ShowAllVnodes(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about all vnodes
    """
    mntlist = kern.globals.mountlist
    print(GetVnodeSummary.header)
    for mntval in IterateTAILQ_HEAD(mntlist, 'mnt_list'):
        for vnodeval in IterateTAILQ_HEAD(mntval.mnt_vnodelist, 'v_mntvnodes'):
            print(GetVnodeSummary(vnodeval))
    return

@lldb_command('showvnode')
def ShowVnode(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about one vnode
        usage: showvnode <vnode>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Please provide valid vnode argument. Type help showvnode for help.")
        return
    vnodeval = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0],'vnode *')
    print(GetVnodeSummary.header)
    print(GetVnodeSummary(vnodeval))

@lldb_command('showvolvnodes')
def ShowVolVnodes(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about all vnodes of a given mount_t
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Please provide a valide mount_t argument. Try 'help showvolvnodes' for help")
        return
    mntval = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'mount_t')
    print(GetVnodeSummary.header)
    for vnodeval in IterateTAILQ_HEAD(mntval.mnt_vnodelist, 'v_mntvnodes'):
        print(GetVnodeSummary(vnodeval))
    return

@lldb_command('showvolbusyvnodes')
def ShowVolBusyVnodes(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about busy (iocount!=0) vnodes of a given mount_t
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Please provide a valide mount_t argument. Try 'help showvolbusyvnodes' for help")
        return
    mntval = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'mount_t')
    print(GetVnodeSummary.header)
    for vnodeval in IterateTAILQ_HEAD(mntval.mnt_vnodelist, 'v_mntvnodes'):
        if int(vnodeval.v_iocount) != 0:
            print(GetVnodeSummary(vnodeval))

@lldb_command('showallbusyvnodes')
def ShowAllBusyVnodes(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about all busy (iocount!=0) vnodes
    """
    mntlistval = kern.globals.mountlist
    for mntval in IterateTAILQ_HEAD(mntlistval, 'mnt_list'):
        ShowVolBusyVnodes([hex(mntval)])

@lldb_command('print_vnode')
def PrintVnode(cmd_args=None):
    """ Prints out the fields of a vnode struct
        Usage: print_vnode <vnode>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        print("Please provide valid vnode argument. Type help print_vnode for help.")
        return
    ShowVnode(cmd_args)

@lldb_command('showworkqvnodes')
def ShowWorkqVnodes(cmd_args=None):
    """ Print the vnode worker list
        Usage: showworkqvnodes <struct mount *>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        print("Please provide valid mount argument. Type help showworkqvnodes for help.")
        return

    mp = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'mount *')
    vp = Cast(mp.mnt_workerqueue.tqh_first, 'vnode *')
    print(GetVnodeSummary.header)
    while int(vp) != 0:
        print(GetVnodeSummary(vp))
        vp = vp.v_mntvnodes.tqe_next

@lldb_command('shownewvnodes')
def ShowNewVnodes(cmd_args=None):
    """ Print the new vnode list
        Usage: shownewvnodes <struct mount *>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        print("Please provide valid mount argument. Type help shownewvnodes for help.")
        return
    mp = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'mount *')
    vp = Cast(mp.mnt_newvnodes.tqh_first, 'vnode *')
    print(GetVnodeSummary.header)
    while int(vp) != 0:
        print(GetVnodeSummary(vp))
        vp = vp.v_mntvnodes.tqe_next


@lldb_command('showprocvnodes')
def ShowProcVnodes(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print out all the open fds which are vnodes in a process
        Usage: showprocvnodes <proc *>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        print("Please provide valid proc argument. Type help showprocvnodes for help.")
        return
    procptr = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'proc *')
    fdptr = addressof(procptr.p_fd)
    if int(fdptr.fd_cdir) != 0:
        print('{0: <25s}\n{1: <s}\n{2: <s}'.format('Current Working Directory:', GetVnodeSummary.header, GetVnodeSummary(fdptr.fd_cdir)))
    if int(fdptr.fd_rdir) != 0:
        print('{0: <25s}\n{1: <s}\n{2: <s}'.format('Current Root Directory:', GetVnodeSummary.header, GetVnodeSummary(fdptr.fd_rdir)))
    print('\n' + '{0: <5s} {1: <7s} {2: <20s} '.format('fd', 'flags', 'fileglob') + GetVnodeSummary.header)

    for fd in range(fdptr.fd_nfiles):
        fproc = fdptr.fd_ofiles[fd]
        if unsigned(fproc) != 0:
            fglob = fproc.fp_glob

            if (unsigned(fglob) != 0) and (unsigned(fglob.fg_ops.fo_type) == 1):
                flags = ""
                if (fproc.fp_flags & GetEnumValue('fileproc_flags_t', 'FP_CLOEXEC')):
                    flags += 'E'
                if (fproc.fp_flags & GetEnumValue('fileproc_flags_t', 'FP_CLOFORK')):
                    flags += 'F'
                if (fdptr.fd_ofileflags[fd] & 4):
                    flags += 'R'
                if (fdptr.fd_ofileflags[fd] & 8):
                    flags += 'C'

                # Strip away PAC to avoid LLDB accessing memory through signed pointers below.
                fgdata = kern.GetValueFromAddress(kern.StripKernelPAC(fglob.fg_data), 'vnode *')
                print('{0: <5d} {1: <7s} {2: <#020x} '.format(fd, flags, fglob) + GetVnodeSummary(fgdata))

@lldb_command('showallprocvnodes')
def ShowAllProcVnodes(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print out all the open fds which are vnodes
    """

    procptr = Cast(kern.globals.allproc.lh_first, 'proc *')
    while procptr and int(procptr) != 0:
        print('{:<s}'.format("=" * 106))
        print(GetProcInfo(procptr))
        ShowProcVnodes([int(procptr)])
        procptr = procptr.p_list.le_next

@xnudebug_test('test_vnode')
def TestShowAllVnodes(kernel_target, config, lldb_obj, isConnected ):
    """ Test the functionality of vnode related commands
        returns
         - False on failure
         - True on success
    """
    if not isConnected:
        print("Target is not connected. Cannot test memstats")
        return False
    res = lldb.SBCommandReturnObject()
    lldb_obj.debugger.GetCommandInterpreter().HandleCommand("showallvnodes", res)
    result = res.GetOutput()
    if len(result.split("\n")) > 2 and result.find('VREG') != -1 and len(result.splitlines()[2].split()) > 5:
        return True
    else:
        return False

# Macro: showallmtx
@lldb_type_summary(['_lck_grp_ *'])
def GetMutexEntry(mtxg):
    """ Summarize a mutex group entry  with important information.
        params:
        mtxg: value - obj representing a mutex group in kernel
        returns:
        out_string - summary of the mutex group
        """
    out_string = ""

    if kern.ptrsize == 8:
        format_string = '{0:#018x} {1:10d} {2:10d} {3:10d} {4:10d} {5: <30s} '
    else:
        format_string = '{0:#010x} {1:10d} {2:10d} {3:10d} {4:10d} {5: <30s} '

    if mtxg.lck_grp_mtxcnt:
        out_string += format_string.format(mtxg, mtxg.lck_grp_mtxcnt,mtxg.lck_grp_stat.lck_grp_mtx_stat.lck_grp_mtx_util_cnt,
                                           mtxg.lck_grp_stat.lck_grp_mtx_stat.lck_grp_mtx_miss_cnt,
                                           mtxg.lck_grp_stat.lck_grp_mtx_stat.lck_grp_mtx_wait_cnt, mtxg.lck_grp_name)
    return out_string

@lldb_command('showallmtx')
def ShowAllMtx(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all mutexes
    """

    if kern.ptrsize == 8:
        hdr_format = '{:<18s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:<30s} '
    else:
        hdr_format = '{:<10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:<30s} '

    print(hdr_format.format('LCK GROUP', 'CNT', 'UTIL', 'MISS', 'WAIT', 'NAME'))

    mtxgrp_queue_head = kern.globals.lck_grp_queue
    mtxgrp_ptr_type = GetType('_lck_grp_ *')

    for mtxgrp_ptr in IterateQueue(mtxgrp_queue_head, mtxgrp_ptr_type, "lck_grp_link"):
       print(GetMutexEntry(mtxgrp_ptr))
    return
# EndMacro: showallmtx

# Macro: showallrwlck
@lldb_type_summary(['_lck_grp_ *'])
def GetRWLEntry(rwlg):
    """ Summarize a reader writer lock group with important information.
        params:
        rwlg: value - obj representing a reader writer lock group in kernel
        returns:
        out_string - summary of the reader writer lock group
    """
    out_string = ""

    if kern.ptrsize == 8:
        format_string = '{0:#018x} {1:10d} {2:10d} {3:10d} {4:10d} {5: <30s} '
    else:
        format_string = '{0:#010x} {1:10d} {2:10d} {3:10d} {4:10d} {5: <30s} '

    if rwlg.lck_grp_rwcnt:
        out_string += format_string.format(rwlg, rwlg.lck_grp_rwcnt,rwlg.lck_grp_stat.lck_grp_rw_stat.lck_grp_rw_util_cnt,
                                           rwlg.lck_grp_stat.lck_grp_rw_stat.lck_grp_rw_miss_cnt,
                                           rwlg.lck_grp_stat.lck_grp_rw_stat.lck_grp_rw_wait_cnt, rwlg.lck_grp_name)
    return out_string

#Macro: showlock
@lldb_type_summary(['lck_mtx_t *'])
@header("===== Mutex Lock Summary =====")
def GetMutexLockSummary(mtx):
    """ Summarize mutex lock with important information.
        params:
        mtx: value - obj representing a mutex lock in kernel
        returns:
        out_str - summary of the mutex lock
    """
    if not mtx:
        return "Invalid lock value: 0x0"

    if kern.arch == "x86_64":
        out_str = "Lock Type            : MUTEX\n"
        if mtx.lck_mtx_tag == 0x07ff1007 :
            out_str += "Tagged as indirect, printing ext lock at: {:#x}\n".format(mtx.lck_mtx_ptr)
            mtx = Cast(mtx.lck_mtx_ptr, 'lck_mtx_t *')

        if mtx.lck_mtx_tag == 0x07fe2007 :
            out_str += "*** Tagged as DESTROYED ({:#x}) ***\n".format(mtx.lck_mtx_tag)

        out_str += "Owner Thread        : {mtx.lck_mtx_owner:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        out_str += "Number of Waiters   : {mtx.lck_mtx_waiters:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        out_str += "ILocked             : {mtx.lck_mtx_ilocked:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        out_str += "MLocked             : {mtx.lck_mtx_mlocked:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        out_str += "Promoted            : {mtx.lck_mtx_promoted:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        out_str += "Pri                 : {mtx.lck_mtx_pri:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        out_str += "Spin                : {mtx.lck_mtx_spin:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        out_str += "Ext                 : {mtx.lck_mtx_is_ext:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        if mtx.lck_mtx_pad32 == 0xFFFFFFFF :
            out_str += "Canary (valid)      : {mtx.lck_mtx_pad32:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        else:
            out_str += "Canary (INVALID)    : {mtx.lck_mtx_pad32:#x}\n".format(mtx=mtx)
        return out_str

    LCK_MTX_TYPE = 0x22
    out_str = "Lock Type\t\t: MUTEX\n"
    if mtx.lck_mtx_type != LCK_MTX_TYPE:
        out_str += "Mutex Invalid"
        return out_str
    out_str += "Owner Thread\t\t: {:#x}".format(mtx.lck_mtx_data & ~0x3)
    if (mtx.lck_mtx_data & ~0x3) == 0xfffffff0:
        out_str += " Held as spinlock"
    out_str += "\nNumber of Waiters\t: {:d}\n".format(mtx.lck_mtx_waiters)
    out_str += "Flags\t\t\t: "
    if mtx.lck_mtx_data & 0x1:
        out_str += "[Interlock Locked] "
    if mtx.lck_mtx_data & 0x2:
        out_str += "[Wait Flag]"
    return out_str

@lldb_type_summary(['lck_spin_t *'])
@header("===== SpinLock Summary =====")
def GetSpinLockSummary(spinlock):
    """ Summarize spinlock with important information.
        params:
        spinlock: value - obj representing a spinlock in kernel
        returns:
        out_str - summary of the spinlock
    """
    if not spinlock:
        return "Invalid lock value: 0x0"

    out_str = "Lock Type\t\t: SPINLOCK\n"
    if kern.arch == "x86_64":
        out_str += "Interlock\t\t: {:#x}\n".format(spinlock.interlock)
        return out_str
    LCK_SPIN_TYPE = 0x11
    if spinlock.type != LCK_SPIN_TYPE:
        out_str += "Spinlock Invalid"
        return out_str
    lock_data = spinlock.hwlock.lock_data
    if lock_data == 1:
        out_str += "Invalid state: interlock is locked but no owner\n"
        return out_str
    out_str += "Owner Thread\t\t: "
    if lock_data == 0:
        out_str += "None\n"
    else:
        out_str += "{:#x}\n".format(lock_data & ~0x1)
        if (lock_data & 1) == 0:
            out_str += "Invalid state: owned but interlock bit is not set\n"
    return out_str

@lldb_type_summary(['lck_rw_t *'])
@header("===== RWLock Summary =====")
def GetRWLockSummary(rwlock):
    """ Summarize rwlock with important information.
        params:
        rwlock: value - obj representing a lck_rw_lock in kernel
        returns:
        out_str - summary of the rwlock
    """
    if not rwlock:
        return "Invalid lock value: 0x0"

    out_str = "Lock Type\t\t: RWLOCK\n"
    lock_word = rwlock.word
    out_str += "Blocking\t\t: "
    if lock_word.can_sleep == 0:
        out_str += "FALSE\n"
    else:
        out_str += "TRUE\n"
    if lock_word.priv_excl == 0:
        out_str += "Recusive\t\t: shared recursive\n"
    out_str += "Interlock\t\t: {:#x}\n".format(lock_word.interlock)
    out_str += "Writer bits\t\t: "
    if lock_word.want_upgrade == 0 and lock_word.want_excl == 0:
        out_str += "-\n"
    else:
        if lock_word.want_upgrade == 1:
            out_str += "Read-to-write upgrade requested"
            if lock_word.want_excl == 1:
                out_str += ","
            else:
                out_str += "\n"
        if lock_word.want_excl == 1:
            out_str += "Write ownership requested\n"
    out_str += "Write owner\t\t: {:#x}\n".format(rwlock.lck_rw_owner)
    out_str += "Reader(s)    \t\t: "
    if lock_word.shared_count > 0:
        out_str += "{:#d}\n".format(lock_word.shared_count)
    else:
        out_str += "No readers\n"
    if lock_word.r_waiting == 1:
        out_str += "Reader(s) blocked\t: TRUE\n"
    if lock_word.w_waiting == 1:
        out_str += "Writer(s) blocked\t: TRUE\n"
    return out_str

@lldb_command('showlock', 'MSR')
def ShowLock(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Show info about a lock - its state and owner thread details
        Usage: showlock <address of a lock>
        -M : to consider <addr> as lck_mtx_t
        -S : to consider <addr> as lck_spin_t
        -R : to consider <addr> as lck_rw_t
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify the address of the lock whose info you want to view.")
        return

    summary_str = ""
    addr = cmd_args[0]
    ## from osfmk/arm/locks.h
    if "-M" in cmd_options:
        lock_mtx = kern.GetValueFromAddress(addr, 'lck_mtx_t *')
        summary_str = GetMutexLockSummary(lock_mtx)
    elif "-S" in cmd_options:
        lock_spin = kern.GetValueFromAddress(addr, 'lck_spin_t *')
        summary_str = GetSpinLockSummary(lock_spin)
    elif "-R" in cmd_options:
        lock_rw = kern.GetValueFromAddress(addr, 'lck_rw_t *')
        summary_str = GetRWLockSummary(lock_rw)
    else:
        summary_str = "Please specify supported lock option(-M/-S/-R)"

    print(summary_str)

#EndMacro: showlock

def getThreadRW(thread, debug, elem_find, force_print):
    """ Helper routine for finding per thread rw lock:
        returns:
        String with info
    """
    out = ""
    ## if we are not in debug mode do not access thread.rw_lock_held
    if not debug:
        if not force_print:
            if thread.rwlock_count == 0:
                return out
        out = "{:<19s} {:>19s} \n".format("Thread", "rwlock_count")
        out += "{:<#19x} ".format(thread)
        out += "{:>19d} ".format(thread.rwlock_count)
        return out

    rw_locks_held = thread.rw_lock_held
    if not force_print:
        if thread.rwlock_count == 0 and rw_locks_held.rwld_locks_acquired == 0:
            return out

    out = "{:<19s} {:>19s} {:>19s} {:>29s}\n".format("Thread", "rwlock_count", "rwlock_acquired", "RW_Debug_info_missing")
    out += "{:<#19x} ".format(thread)
    out += "{:>19d} ".format(thread.rwlock_count)
    out += "{:>19d} ".format(rw_locks_held.rwld_locks_acquired)

    if rw_locks_held.rwld_overflow:
        out += "{:>29s}\n".format("TRUE")
    else:
        out += "{:>29s}\n".format("FALSE")

    found = set()
    if rw_locks_held.rwld_locks_saved > 0:
        lock_entry = rw_locks_held.rwld_locks
        num_entry = sizeof(lock_entry) // sizeof(lock_entry[0])
        out += "{:>10s} {:<19s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:<19s}\n".format(" ", "Lock", "Write", "Read", " ", "Caller")
        for i in range(num_entry):
            entry = lock_entry[i]
            if entry.rwlde_lock:
                out += "{:>10s} ".format(" ")
                found.add(hex(entry.rwlde_lock))
                out += "{:<#19x} ".format(entry.rwlde_lock)
                write = 0
                read = 0
                if entry.rwlde_mode_count < 0:
                    write = 1
                if entry.rwlde_mode_count > 0:
                    read = entry.rwlde_mode_count
                out += "{:>10d} ".format(write)
                out += "{:>10d} ".format(read)
                out += "{:>10s} ".format(" ")
                caller = vm_unpack_pointer(entry.rwlde_caller_packed, kern.globals.rwlde_caller_packing_params, 'void *')
                out += "{:<#19x}\n".format(caller)

    if elem_find != 0:
        if elem_find in found:
            return out
        else:
            return ""
    else:
        return out

def rwLockDebugDisabled():
    ## disLkRWDebug 0x00000010 from locks.h
    if (kern.globals.LcksOpts and 0x00000010) == 0x00000010:
        return True
    else:
        return False

@lldb_command('showthreadrwlck')
def ShowThreadRWLck(cmd_args = None):
    """ Routine to print a best effort summary of rwlocks held
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify the thread pointer")
        return
    thread = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'thread_t')
    if not thread:
        raise ArgumentError("Invalid thread pointer")
        return

    debug = True
    if rwLockDebugDisabled():
        print("WARNING: Best effort per-thread rwlock tracking is OFF\n")
        debug = False

    string = getThreadRW(thread, debug, 0, True)
    print(string)

    return
# EndMacro: showthreadrwlck

@lldb_command('showallrwlckheld')
def ShowAllRWLckHeld(cmd_args = None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all read/writer locks
        tracked per thread
    """
    debug = True
    if rwLockDebugDisabled():
        print("WARNING: Best effort per-thread rwlock tracking is OFF\n")
        debug = False

    for t in kern.tasks:
        for th in IterateQueue(t.threads, 'thread *', 'task_threads'):
            print(getThreadRW(th, debug, 0, False))

    return
# EndMacro: showallrwlckheld

@lldb_command('tryfindrwlckholders')
def tryFindRwlckHolders(cmd_args = None):
    """ Best effort routing to find the current holders of
        a rwlock
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify a rw_lock_t pointer")
        return

    if rwLockDebugDisabled():
        print("WARNING: Best effort per-thread rwlock tracking is OFF\n")
        return

    print("This is a best effort mechanism, if threads have lock info missing we might not be able to find the lock.\n")
    rw_to_find = cmd_args[0]
    for t in kern.tasks:
        for th in IterateQueue(t.threads, 'thread *', 'task_threads'):
            print(getThreadRW(th, True, rw_to_find, False))

    return
# EndMacro: tryfindrwlckholders

@lldb_command('showallrwlck')
def ShowAllRWLck(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all read/writer locks
    """
    if kern.ptrsize == 8:
        hdr_format = '{:<18s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:<30s} '
    else:
        hdr_format = '{:<10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:<30s} '

    print(hdr_format.format('LCK GROUP', 'CNT', 'UTIL', 'MISS', 'WAIT', 'NAME'))

    rwlgrp_queue_head = kern.globals.lck_grp_queue
    rwlgrp_ptr_type = GetType('_lck_grp_ *')
    for rwlgrp_ptr in IterateQueue(rwlgrp_queue_head, rwlgrp_ptr_type, "lck_grp_link"):
       print(GetRWLEntry(rwlgrp_ptr))
    return
# EndMacro: showallrwlck

#Macro: showbootermemorymap
@lldb_command('showbootermemorymap')
def ShowBooterMemoryMap(cmd_args=None):
    """ Prints out the phys memory map from kernelBootArgs
        Supported only on x86_64
    """
    if kern.arch != 'x86_64':
        print("showbootermemorymap not supported on this architecture")
        return

    out_string = ""

    # Memory type map
    memtype_dict = {
            0:  'Reserved',
            1:  'LoaderCode',
            2:  'LoaderData',
            3:  'BS_code',
            4:  'BS_data',
            5:  'RT_code',
            6:  'RT_data',
            7:  'Convention',
            8:  'Unusable',
            9:  'ACPI_recl',
            10: 'ACPI_NVS',
            11: 'MemMapIO',
            12: 'MemPortIO',
            13: 'PAL_code'
        }

    boot_args = kern.globals.kernelBootArgs
    msize = boot_args.MemoryMapDescriptorSize
    mcount = boot_args.MemoryMapSize // unsigned(msize)

    out_string += "{0: <12s} {1: <19s} {2: <19s} {3: <19s} {4: <10s}\n".format("Type", "Physical Start", "Number of Pages", "Virtual Start", "Attributes")

    i = 0
    while i < mcount:
        mptr = kern.GetValueFromAddress(unsigned(boot_args.MemoryMap) + kern.VM_MIN_KERNEL_ADDRESS + unsigned(i*msize), 'EfiMemoryRange *')
        mtype = unsigned(mptr.Type)
        if mtype in memtype_dict:
            out_string += "{0: <12s}".format(memtype_dict[mtype])
        else:
            out_string += "{0: <12s}".format("UNKNOWN")

        if mptr.VirtualStart == 0:
            out_string += "{0: #019x} {1: #019x} {2: <19s} {3: #019x}\n".format(mptr.PhysicalStart, mptr.NumberOfPages, ' '*19, mptr.Attribute)
        else:
            out_string += "{0: #019x} {1: #019x} {2: #019x} {3: #019x}\n".format(mptr.PhysicalStart, mptr.NumberOfPages, mptr.VirtualStart, mptr.Attribute)
        i = i + 1

    print(out_string)
#EndMacro: showbootermemorymap

@lldb_command('show_all_purgeable_objects')
def ShowAllPurgeableVmObjects(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all the purgeable vm objects
    """
    print("\n--------------------    VOLATILE OBJECTS    --------------------\n")
    ShowAllPurgeableVolatileVmObjects()
    print("\n--------------------  NON-VOLATILE OBJECTS  --------------------\n")
    ShowAllPurgeableNonVolatileVmObjects()

@lldb_command('show_all_purgeable_nonvolatile_objects')
def ShowAllPurgeableNonVolatileVmObjects(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all the vm objects in
        the purgeable_nonvolatile_queue
    """

    nonvolatile_total = lambda:None
    nonvolatile_total.objects = 0
    nonvolatile_total.vsize = 0
    nonvolatile_total.rsize = 0
    nonvolatile_total.wsize = 0
    nonvolatile_total.csize = 0
    nonvolatile_total.disowned_objects = 0
    nonvolatile_total.disowned_vsize = 0
    nonvolatile_total.disowned_rsize = 0
    nonvolatile_total.disowned_wsize = 0
    nonvolatile_total.disowned_csize = 0

    queue_len = kern.globals.purgeable_nonvolatile_count
    queue_head = kern.globals.purgeable_nonvolatile_queue

    print('purgeable_nonvolatile_queue:{: <#018x}  purgeable_volatile_count:{:d}\n'.format(kern.GetLoadAddressForSymbol('purgeable_nonvolatile_queue'),queue_len))
    print('N:non-volatile  V:volatile  E:empty  D:deny\n')

    print('{:>6s} {:<6s} {:18s} {:1s} {:>6s} {:>16s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s}   {:>3s} {:18s} {:>6s} {:<20s}\n'.format("#","#","object","P","refcnt","size (pages)","resid","wired","compressed","tag","owner","pid","process"))
    idx = 0
    for object in IterateQueue(queue_head, 'struct vm_object *', 'objq'):
        idx += 1
        ShowPurgeableNonVolatileVmObject(object, idx, queue_len, nonvolatile_total)
    print("disowned objects:{:<10d}  [ virtual:{:<10d}  resident:{:<10d}  wired:{:<10d}  compressed:{:<10d} ]\n".format(nonvolatile_total.disowned_objects, nonvolatile_total.disowned_vsize, nonvolatile_total.disowned_rsize, nonvolatile_total.disowned_wsize, nonvolatile_total.disowned_csize))
    print("     all objects:{:<10d}  [ virtual:{:<10d}  resident:{:<10d}  wired:{:<10d}  compressed:{:<10d} ]\n".format(nonvolatile_total.objects, nonvolatile_total.vsize, nonvolatile_total.rsize, nonvolatile_total.wsize, nonvolatile_total.csize))


def ShowPurgeableNonVolatileVmObject(object, idx, queue_len, nonvolatile_total):
    """  Routine to print out a summary a VM object in purgeable_nonvolatile_queue
        params:
            object - core.value : a object of type 'struct vm_object *'
        returns:
            None
    """
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size
    if object.purgable == 0:
        purgable = "N"
    elif object.purgable == 1:
        purgable = "V"
    elif object.purgable == 2:
        purgable = "E"
    elif object.purgable == 3:
        purgable = "D"
    else:
        purgable = "?"
    if object.pager == 0:
        compressed_count = 0
    else:
        compressor_pager = Cast(object.pager, 'compressor_pager *')
        compressed_count = compressor_pager.cpgr_num_slots_occupied

    print("{:>6d}/{:<6d} {: <#018x} {:1s} {:>6d} {:>16d} {:>10d} {:>10d} {:>10d}  {:>3d} {: <#018x} {:>6d} {:<20s}\n".format(idx,queue_len,object,purgable,object.ref_count,object.vo_un1.vou_size // page_size,object.resident_page_count,object.wired_page_count,compressed_count, object.vo_ledger_tag, object.vo_un2.vou_owner,GetProcPIDForObjectOwner(object.vo_un2.vou_owner),GetProcNameForObjectOwner(object.vo_un2.vou_owner)))

    nonvolatile_total.objects += 1
    nonvolatile_total.vsize += object.vo_un1.vou_size // page_size
    nonvolatile_total.rsize += object.resident_page_count
    nonvolatile_total.wsize += object.wired_page_count
    nonvolatile_total.csize += compressed_count
    if object.vo_un2.vou_owner == 0:
        nonvolatile_total.disowned_objects += 1
        nonvolatile_total.disowned_vsize += object.vo_un1.vou_size // page_size
        nonvolatile_total.disowned_rsize += object.resident_page_count
        nonvolatile_total.disowned_wsize += object.wired_page_count
        nonvolatile_total.disowned_csize += compressed_count


@lldb_command('show_all_purgeable_volatile_objects')
def ShowAllPurgeableVolatileVmObjects(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all the vm objects in
        the purgeable queues
    """
    volatile_total = lambda:None
    volatile_total.objects = 0
    volatile_total.vsize = 0
    volatile_total.rsize = 0
    volatile_total.wsize = 0
    volatile_total.csize = 0
    volatile_total.disowned_objects = 0
    volatile_total.disowned_vsize = 0
    volatile_total.disowned_rsize = 0
    volatile_total.disowned_wsize = 0
    volatile_total.disowned_csize = 0

    purgeable_queues = kern.globals.purgeable_queues
    print("---------- OBSOLETE\n")
    ShowPurgeableQueue(purgeable_queues[0], volatile_total)
    print("\n\n---------- FIFO\n")
    ShowPurgeableQueue(purgeable_queues[1], volatile_total)
    print("\n\n---------- LIFO\n")
    ShowPurgeableQueue(purgeable_queues[2], volatile_total)

    print("disowned objects:{:<10d}  [ virtual:{:<10d}  resident:{:<10d}  wired:{:<10d}  compressed:{:<10d} ]\n".format(volatile_total.disowned_objects, volatile_total.disowned_vsize, volatile_total.disowned_rsize, volatile_total.disowned_wsize, volatile_total.disowned_csize))
    print("     all objects:{:<10d}  [ virtual:{:<10d}  resident:{:<10d}  wired:{:<10d}  compressed:{:<10d} ]\n".format(volatile_total.objects, volatile_total.vsize, volatile_total.rsize, volatile_total.wsize, volatile_total.csize))
    purgeable_count = kern.globals.vm_page_purgeable_count
    purgeable_wired_count = kern.globals.vm_page_purgeable_wired_count
    if purgeable_count != volatile_total.rsize or purgeable_wired_count != volatile_total.wsize:
        mismatch = "<---------  MISMATCH\n"
    else:
        mismatch = ""
    print("vm_page_purgeable_count:                           resident:{:<10d}  wired:{:<10d}  {:s}\n".format(purgeable_count, purgeable_wired_count, mismatch))


def ShowPurgeableQueue(qhead, volatile_total):
    print("----- GROUP 0\n")
    ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead.objq[0], volatile_total)
    print("----- GROUP 1\n")
    ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead.objq[1], volatile_total)
    print("----- GROUP 2\n")
    ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead.objq[2], volatile_total)
    print("----- GROUP 3\n")
    ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead.objq[3], volatile_total)
    print("----- GROUP 4\n")
    ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead.objq[4], volatile_total)
    print("----- GROUP 5\n")
    ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead.objq[5], volatile_total)
    print("----- GROUP 6\n")
    ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead.objq[6], volatile_total)
    print("----- GROUP 7\n")
    ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead.objq[7], volatile_total)

def ShowPurgeableGroup(qhead, volatile_total):
    idx = 0
    for object in IterateQueue(qhead, 'struct vm_object *', 'objq'):
        if idx == 0:
#            print "{:>6s} {:18s} {:1s} {:>6s} {:>16s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s}   {:18s} {:>6s} {:<20s} {:18s} {:>6s} {:<20s} {:s}\n".format("#","object","P","refcnt","size (pages)","resid","wired","compressed","owner","pid","process","volatilizer","pid","process","")
            print("{:>6s} {:18s} {:1s} {:>6s} {:>16s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s}   {:>3s} {:18s} {:>6s} {:<20s}\n".format("#","object","P","refcnt","size (pages)","resid","wired","compressed","tag","owner","pid","process"))
        idx += 1
        ShowPurgeableVolatileVmObject(object, idx, volatile_total)

def ShowPurgeableVolatileVmObject(object, idx, volatile_total):
    """  Routine to print out a summary a VM object in a purgeable queue
        params:
            object - core.value : a object of type 'struct vm_object *'
        returns:
            None
    """
##   if int(object.vo_un2.vou_owner) != int(object.vo_purgeable_volatilizer):
#        diff=" !="
##    else:
#        diff="  "
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size
    if object.purgable == 0:
        purgable = "N"
    elif object.purgable == 1:
        purgable = "V"
    elif object.purgable == 2:
        purgable = "E"
    elif object.purgable == 3:
        purgable = "D"
    else:
        purgable = "?"
    if object.pager == 0:
        compressed_count = 0
    else:
        compressor_pager = Cast(object.pager, 'compressor_pager *')
        compressed_count = compressor_pager.cpgr_num_slots_occupied
#    print "{:>6d} {: <#018x} {:1s} {:>6d} {:>16d} {:>10d} {:>10d} {:>10d} {: <#018x} {:>6d} {:<20s}   {: <#018x} {:>6d} {:<20s} {:s}\n".format(idx,object,purgable,object.ref_count,object.vo_un1.vou_size/page_size,object.resident_page_count,object.wired_page_count,compressed_count,object.vo_un2.vou_owner,GetProcPIDForObjectOwner(object.vo_un2.vou_owner),GetProcNameForObjectOwner(object.vo_un2.vou_owner),object.vo_purgeable_volatilizer,GetProcPIDForObjectOwner(object.vo_purgeable_volatilizer),GetProcNameForObjectOwner(object.vo_purgeable_volatilizer),diff)
    print("{:>6d} {: <#018x} {:1s} {:>6d} {:>16d} {:>10d} {:>10d} {:>10d}   {:>3d} {: <#018x} {:>6d} {:<20s}\n".format(idx,object,purgable,object.ref_count,object.vo_un1.vou_size // page_size,object.resident_page_count,object.wired_page_count,compressed_count, object.vo_ledger_tag, object.vo_un2.vou_owner,GetProcPIDForObjectOwner(object.vo_un2.vou_owner),GetProcNameForObjectOwner(object.vo_un2.vou_owner)))
    volatile_total.objects += 1
    volatile_total.vsize += object.vo_un1.vou_size // page_size
    volatile_total.rsize += object.resident_page_count
    volatile_total.wsize += object.wired_page_count
    volatile_total.csize += compressed_count
    if object.vo_un2.vou_owner == 0:
        volatile_total.disowned_objects += 1
        volatile_total.disowned_vsize += object.vo_un1.vou_size // page_size
        volatile_total.disowned_rsize += object.resident_page_count
        volatile_total.disowned_wsize += object.wired_page_count
        volatile_total.disowned_csize += compressed_count


def GetCompressedPagesForObject(obj):
    """Stuff
    """
    pager = Cast(obj.pager, 'compressor_pager_t')
    return pager.cpgr_num_slots_occupied
    """  # commented code below
    if pager.cpgr_num_slots > 128:
        slots_arr = pager.cpgr_slots.cpgr_islots
        num_indirect_slot_ptr = (pager.cpgr_num_slots + 127) / 128
        index = 0
        compressor_slot = 0
        compressed_pages = 0
        while index < num_indirect_slot_ptr:
            compressor_slot = 0
            if slots_arr[index]:
                while compressor_slot < 128:
                    if slots_arr[index][compressor_slot]:
                        compressed_pages += 1
                    compressor_slot += 1
            index += 1
    else:
        slots_arr = pager.cpgr_slots.cpgr_dslots
        compressor_slot = 0
        compressed_pages = 0
        while compressor_slot < pager.cpgr_num_slots:
            if slots_arr[compressor_slot]:
                compressed_pages += 1
            compressor_slot += 1
    return compressed_pages
    """

def ShowTaskVMEntries(task, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows):
    """  Routine to print out a summary listing of all the entries in a vm_map
        params:
            task - core.value : a object of type 'task *'
        returns:
            None
    """
    print("vm_map entries for task " + hex(task))
    print(GetTaskSummary.header)
    print(GetTaskSummary(task))
    if not task.map:
        print("Task {0: <#020x} has map = 0x0")
        return None
    showmapvme(task.map, 0, 0, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, False)

@lldb_command("showmapvme", "A:B:F:PRST")
def ShowMapVME(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """Routine to print out info about the specified vm_map and its vm entries
        usage: showmapvme <vm_map> [-A start] [-B end] [-S] [-P]
        Use -A <start> flag to start at virtual address <start>
        Use -B <end> flag to end at virtual address <end>
        Use -F <virtaddr> flag to find just the VME containing the given VA
        Use -S flag to show VM object shadow chains
        Use -P flag to show pager info (mapped file, compressed pages, ...)
        Use -R flag to reverse order
        Use -T to show red-black tree pointers
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowMapVME.__doc__)
        return
    show_pager_info = False
    show_all_shadows = False
    show_rb_tree = False
    start_vaddr = 0
    end_vaddr = 0
    reverse_order = False
    if "-A" in cmd_options:
        start_vaddr = unsigned(int(cmd_options['-A'], 16))
    if "-B" in cmd_options:
        end_vaddr = unsigned(int(cmd_options['-B'], 16))
    if "-F" in cmd_options:
        start_vaddr = unsigned(int(cmd_options['-F'], 16))
        end_vaddr = start_vaddr
    if "-P" in cmd_options:
        show_pager_info = True
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        show_all_shadows = True
    if "-R" in cmd_options:
        reverse_order = True
    if "-T" in cmd_options:
        show_rb_tree = True
    map = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_map_t')
    showmapvme(map, start_vaddr, end_vaddr, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, reverse_order, show_rb_tree)

@lldb_command("showmapcopyvme", "A:B:F:PRST")
def ShowMapCopyVME(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """Routine to print out info about the specified vm_map_copy and its vm entries
        usage: showmapcopyvme <vm_map_copy> [-A start] [-B end] [-S] [-P]
        Use -A <start> flag to start at virtual address <start>
        Use -B <end> flag to end at virtual address <end>
        Use -F <virtaddr> flag to find just the VME containing the given VA
        Use -S flag to show VM object shadow chains
        Use -P flag to show pager info (mapped file, compressed pages, ...)
        Use -R flag to reverse order
        Use -T to show red-black tree pointers
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowMapVME.__doc__)
        return
    show_pager_info = False
    show_all_shadows = False
    show_rb_tree = False
    start_vaddr = 0
    end_vaddr = 0
    reverse_order = False
    if "-A" in cmd_options:
        start_vaddr = unsigned(int(cmd_options['-A'], 16))
    if "-B" in cmd_options:
        end_vaddr = unsigned(int(cmd_options['-B'], 16))
    if "-F" in cmd_options:
        start_vaddr = unsigned(int(cmd_options['-F'], 16))
        end_vaddr = start_vaddr
    if "-P" in cmd_options:
        show_pager_info = True
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        show_all_shadows = True
    if "-R" in cmd_options:
        reverse_order = True
    if "-T" in cmd_options:
        show_rb_tree = True
    map = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_map_copy_t')
    showmapcopyvme(map, start_vaddr, end_vaddr, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, reverse_order, show_rb_tree)

@lldb_command("showvmobject", "A:B:PRST")
def ShowVMObject(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """Routine to print out a VM object and its shadow chain
        usage: showvmobject <vm_object> [-S] [-P]
        -S: show VM object shadow chain
        -P: show pager info (mapped file, compressed pages, ...)
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowMapVME.__doc__)
        return
    show_pager_info = False
    show_all_shadows = False
    if "-P" in cmd_options:
        show_pager_info = True
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        show_all_shadows = True
    object = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_object_t')
    showvmobject(object, 0, 0, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows)

def showvmobject(object, offset=0, size=0, show_pager_info=False, show_all_shadows=False):
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size
    vnode_pager_ops = kern.globals.vnode_pager_ops
    vnode_pager_ops_addr = unsigned(addressof(vnode_pager_ops))
    depth = 0
    if size == 0 and object != 0 and object.internal:
        size = object.vo_un1.vou_size
    while object != 0:
        depth += 1
        if show_all_shadows == False and depth != 1 and object.shadow != 0:
            offset += unsigned(object.vo_un2.vou_shadow_offset)
            object = object.shadow
            continue
        if object.copy_strategy == 0:
            copy_strategy="N"
        elif object.copy_strategy == 2:
            copy_strategy="D"
        elif object.copy_strategy == 4:
            copy_strategy="S"

        else:
            copy_strategy=str(object.copy_strategy)
        if object.internal:
            internal = "internal"
        else:
            internal = "external"
        purgeable = "NVED"[int(object.purgable)]
        pager_string = ""
        if object.phys_contiguous:
            pager_string = pager_string + "phys_contig {:#018x}:{:#018x} ".format(unsigned(object.vo_un2.vou_shadow_offset), unsigned(object.vo_un1.vou_size))
        pager = object.pager
        if show_pager_info and pager != 0:
            if object.internal:
                pager_string = pager_string + "-> compressed:{:d}".format(GetCompressedPagesForObject(object))
            elif unsigned(pager.mo_pager_ops) == vnode_pager_ops_addr:
                vnode_pager = Cast(pager,'vnode_pager *')
                pager_string = pager_string + "-> " + GetVnodePath(vnode_pager.vnode_handle)
            else:
                pager_string = pager_string + "-> {:s}:{: <#018x}".format(pager.mo_pager_ops.memory_object_pager_name, pager)
        print("{:>18d} {:#018x}:{:#018x} {: <#018x} ref:{:<6d} ts:{:1d} strat:{:1s} purg:{:1s} {:s} wtag:{:d} ({:d} {:d} {:d}) {:s}".format(depth,offset,offset+size,object,object.ref_count,object.true_share,copy_strategy,purgeable,internal,object.wire_tag,unsigned(object.vo_un1.vou_size) // page_size,object.resident_page_count,object.wired_page_count,pager_string))
#       print "        #{:<5d} obj {: <#018x} ref:{:<6d} ts:{:1d} strat:{:1s} {:s} size:{:<10d} wired:{:<10d} resident:{:<10d} reusable:{:<10d}".format(depth,object,object.ref_count,object.true_share,copy_strategy,internal,object.vo_un1.vou_size/page_size,object.wired_page_count,object.resident_page_count,object.reusable_page_count)
        offset += unsigned(object.vo_un2.vou_shadow_offset)
        object = object.shadow

def showmapvme(map, start_vaddr, end_vaddr, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, reverse_order=False, show_rb_tree=False):
    rsize = GetResidentPageCount(map)
    print("{:<18s} {:<18s} {:<18s} {:>10s} {:>18s} {:>18s}:{:<18s} {:<7s}".format("vm_map","pmap","size","#ents","rsize","start","end","pgshift"))
    print("{: <#018x} {: <#018x} {:#018x} {:>10d} {:>18d} {:#018x}:{:#018x} {:>7d}".format(map,map.pmap,unsigned(map.size),map.hdr.nentries,rsize,map.hdr.links.start,map.hdr.links.end,map.hdr.page_shift))
    showmaphdrvme(map.hdr, map.pmap, start_vaddr, end_vaddr, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, reverse_order, show_rb_tree)

def showmapcopyvme(mapcopy, start_vaddr=0, end_vaddr=0, show_pager_info=True, show_all_shadows=True, reverse_order=False, show_rb_tree=False):
    print("{:<18s} {:<18s} {:<18s} {:>10s} {:>18s} {:>18s}:{:<18s} {:<7s}".format("vm_map_copy","offset","size","#ents","rsize","start","end","pgshift"))
    print("{: <#018x} {:#018x} {:#018x} {:>10d} {:>18d} {:#018x}:{:#018x} {:>7d}".format(mapcopy,mapcopy.offset,mapcopy.size,mapcopy.c_u.hdr.nentries,0,mapcopy.c_u.hdr.links.start,mapcopy.c_u.hdr.links.end,mapcopy.c_u.hdr.page_shift))
    showmaphdrvme(mapcopy.c_u.hdr, 0, start_vaddr, end_vaddr, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, reverse_order, show_rb_tree)

def showmaphdrvme(maphdr, pmap, start_vaddr, end_vaddr, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, reverse_order, show_rb_tree):
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size
    vnode_pager_ops = kern.globals.vnode_pager_ops
    vnode_pager_ops_addr = unsigned(addressof(vnode_pager_ops))
    if hasattr(kern.globals, 'compressor_object'):
        compressor_object = kern.globals.compressor_object
    else:
        compressor_object = -1;
    vme_list_head = maphdr.links
    vme_ptr_type = GetType('vm_map_entry *')
    print("{:<18s} {:>18s}:{:<18s} {:>10s} {:<8s} {:<16s} {:<18s} {:<18s}".format("entry","start","end","#pgs","tag.kmod","prot&flags","object","offset"))
    last_end = unsigned(maphdr.links.start)
    skipped_entries = 0
    for vme in IterateQueue(vme_list_head, vme_ptr_type, "links", reverse_order):
        if start_vaddr != 0 and end_vaddr != 0:
            if unsigned(vme.links.start) > end_vaddr:
                break
            if unsigned(vme.links.end) <= start_vaddr:
                last_end = unsigned(vme.links.end)
                skipped_entries = skipped_entries + 1
                continue
            if skipped_entries != 0:
                print("... skipped {:d} entries ...".format(skipped_entries))
                skipped_entries = 0
        if unsigned(vme.links.start) != last_end:
            print("{:18s} {:#018x}:{:#018x} {:>10d}".format("------------------",last_end,vme.links.start,(unsigned(vme.links.start) - last_end) // page_size))
        last_end = unsigned(vme.links.end)
        size = unsigned(vme.links.end) - unsigned(vme.links.start)
        object = get_vme_object(vme)
        if object == 0:
            object_str = "{: <#018x}".format(object)
        elif vme.is_sub_map:
            object_str = None

            if object == kern.globals.bufferhdr_map:
                object_str = "BUFFERHDR_MAP"
            elif object == kern.globals.mb_map:
                object_str = "MB_MAP"
            elif object == kern.globals.bsd_pageable_map:
                object_str = "BSD_PAGEABLE_MAP"
            elif object == kern.globals.ipc_kernel_map:
                object_str = "IPC_KERNEL_MAP"
            elif object == kern.globals.ipc_kernel_copy_map:
                object_str = "IPC_KERNEL_COPY_MAP"
            elif object == kern.globals.kalloc_large_map:
                object_str = "KALLOC:LARGE"
            elif object == kern.globals.kalloc_large_data_map:
                object_str = "KALLOC:LARGE_DATA"
            elif object == kern.globals.kernel_data_map:
                object_str = "KERNEL_DATA_MAP"
            elif hasattr(kern.globals, 'pgz_submap') and object == kern.globals.pgz_submap:
                object_str = "ZALLOC:PGZ"
            elif hasattr(kern.globals, 'compressor_map') and object == kern.globals.compressor_map:
                object_str = "COMPRESSOR_MAP"
            elif hasattr(kern.globals, 'gzalloc_map') and object == kern.globals.gzalloc_map:
                object_str = "GZALLOC_MAP"
            elif hasattr(kern.globals, 'g_kext_map') and object == kern.globals.g_kext_map:
                object_str = "G_KEXT_MAP"
            elif hasattr(kern.globals, 'vector_upl_submap') and object == kern.globals.vector_upl_submap:
                object_str = "VECTOR_UPL_SUBMAP"
            else:
                for i in range(0, int(GetEnumValue('zone_submap_idx_t', 'Z_SUBMAP_IDX_COUNT'))):
                    if object == kern.globals.zone_submaps[i]:
                        object_str = "ZALLOC:{:s}".format(GetEnumName('zone_submap_idx_t', i, 'Z_SUBMAP_IDX_'))
                        break
            if object_str is None:
                object_str = "submap:{: <#018x}".format(object)
        else:
            if object == kern.globals.kernel_object:
                object_str = "KERNEL_OBJECT"
            elif object == kern.globals.vm_submap_object:
                object_str = "VM_SUBMAP_OBJECT"
            elif object == compressor_object:
                object_str = "COMPRESSOR_OBJECT"
            else:
                object_str = "{: <#018x}".format(object)
        offset = unsigned(vme.vme_offset) & ~0xFFF
        tag = unsigned(vme.vme_offset & 0xFFF)
        protection = ""
        if vme.protection & 0x1:
            protection +="r"
        else:
            protection += "-"
        if vme.protection & 0x2:
            protection += "w"
        else:
            protection += "-"
        if vme.protection & 0x4:
            protection += "x"
        else:
            protection += "-"
        max_protection = ""
        if vme.max_protection & 0x1:
            max_protection +="r"
        else:
            max_protection += "-"
        if vme.max_protection & 0x2:
            max_protection += "w"
        else:
            max_protection += "-"
        if vme.max_protection & 0x4:
            max_protection += "x"
        else:
            max_protection += "-"
        vme_flags = ""
        if vme.is_sub_map:
            vme_flags += "s"
        if vme.needs_copy:
            vme_flags += "n"
        if vme.use_pmap:
            vme_flags += "p"
        if vme.wired_count:
            vme_flags += "w"
        if vme.used_for_jit:
            vme_flags += "j"
        tagstr = ""
        if pmap == kern.globals.kernel_pmap:
            xsite = Cast(kern.globals.vm_allocation_sites[tag],'OSKextAccount *')
            if xsite and xsite.site.flags & 0x0200:
                tagstr = ".{:<3d}".format(xsite.loadTag)
        rb_info = ""
        if show_rb_tree:
            rb_info = "l={: <#018x} r={: <#018x} p={: <#018x}".format(vme.store.entry.rbe_left, vme.store.entry.rbe_right, vme.store.entry.rbe_parent)
        print("{: <#018x} {:#018x}:{:#018x} {:>10d} {:>3d}{:<4s}  {:3s}/{:3s}/{:<8s} {:<18s} {:<#18x} {:s}".format(vme,vme.links.start,vme.links.end,(unsigned(vme.links.end)-unsigned(vme.links.start)) // page_size,tag,tagstr,protection,max_protection,vme_flags,object_str,offset, rb_info))
        if (show_pager_info or show_all_shadows) and vme.is_sub_map == 0 and get_vme_object(vme) != 0:
            object = get_vme_object(vme)
        else:
            object = 0
        showvmobject(object, offset, size, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows)
    if start_vaddr != 0 or end_vaddr != 0:
        print("...")
    elif unsigned(maphdr.links.end) > last_end:
        print("{:18s} {:#018x}:{:#018x} {:>10d}".format("------------------",last_end,maphdr.links.end,(unsigned(maphdr.links.end) - last_end) // page_size))
    return None

def CountMapTags(map, tagcounts, slow):
    page_size = unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)
    vme_list_head = map.hdr.links
    vme_ptr_type = GetType('vm_map_entry *')
    for vme in IterateQueue(vme_list_head, vme_ptr_type, "links"):
        object = get_vme_object(vme)
        tag = vme.vme_offset & 0xFFF
        if object == kern.globals.kernel_object:
            count = 0
            if not slow:
                count = unsigned(vme.links.end - vme.links.start) // page_size
            else:
                addr = unsigned(vme.links.start)
                while addr < unsigned(vme.links.end):
                    hash_id = _calc_vm_page_hash(object, addr)
                    page_list = kern.globals.vm_page_buckets[hash_id].page_list
                    page = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(page_list)
                    while (page != 0):
                        vmpage = kern.GetValueFromAddress(page, 'vm_page_t')
                        if (addr == unsigned(vmpage.vmp_offset)) and (object == vm_object_t(_vm_page_unpack_ptr(vmpage.vmp_object))):
                            if (not vmpage.vmp_local) and (vmpage.vmp_wire_count > 0):
                                count += 1
                            break
                        page = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(vmpage.vmp_next_m)
                    addr += page_size
            tagcounts[tag] += count
        elif vme.is_sub_map:
            CountMapTags(Cast(object,'vm_map_t'), tagcounts, slow)
    return None

def CountWiredObject(object, tagcounts):
    tagcounts[unsigned(object.wire_tag)] += object.wired_page_count
    return None

def GetKmodIDName(kmod_id):
    kmod_val = kern.globals.kmod
    for kmod in IterateLinkedList(kmod_val, 'next'):
        if (kmod.id == kmod_id):
            return "{:<50s}".format(kmod.name)
    return "??"

FixedTags = {
    0:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_NONE",
    1:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_OSFMK",
    2:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_BSD",
    3:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_IOKIT",
    4:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_LIBKERN",
    5:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_OSKEXT",
    6:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_KEXT",
    7:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_IPC",
    8:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_STACK",
    9:  "VM_KERN_MEMORY_CPU",
    10: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_PMAP",
    11: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_PTE",
    12: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_ZONE",
    13: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_KALLOC",
    14: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_COMPRESSOR",
    15: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_COMPRESSED_DATA",
    16: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_PHANTOM_CACHE",
    17: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_WAITQ",
    18: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_DIAG",
    19: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_LOG",
    20: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_FILE",
    21: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_MBUF",
    22: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_UBC",
    23: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_SECURITY",
    24: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_MLOCK",
    25: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_REASON",
    26: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_SKYWALK",
    27: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_LTABLE",
    28: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_HV",
    29: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_KALLOC_DATA",
    30: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_RETIRED",
    31: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_KALLOC_TYPE",
    32: "VM_KERN_MEMORY_TRIAGE",
    255:"VM_KERN_MEMORY_ANY",
}

def GetVMKernName(tag):
    """ returns the formatted name for a vmtag and
        the sub-tag for kmod tags.
    """
    if ((tag <= 27) or (tag == 255)):
        return (FixedTags[tag], "")
    site = kern.globals.vm_allocation_sites[tag]
    if site:
        if site.flags & 0x007F:
            cstr = addressof(site.subtotals[site.subtotalscount])
            return ("{:<50s}".format(str(Cast(cstr, 'char *'))), "")
        else:
            if site.flags & 0x0200:
                xsite = Cast(site,'OSKextAccount *')
                tagstr = ".{:<3d}".format(xsite.loadTag)
                return (GetKmodIDName(xsite.loadTag), tagstr);
            else:
                return (kern.Symbolicate(site), "")
    return ("", "")

@lldb_command("showvmtags", "ASJO")
def showvmtags(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """Routine to print out info about kernel wired page allocations
        usage: showvmtags
               iterates kernel map and vm objects totaling allocations by tag.
        usage: showvmtags -S [-O]
               also iterates kernel object pages individually - slow.
        usage: showvmtags -A [-O]
               show all tags, even tags that have no wired count
        usage: showvmtags -J [-O]
                Output json

        -O: list in increasing size order
    """
    slow = False
    print_json = False
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        slow = True
    all_tags = False
    if "-A" in cmd_options:
        all_tags = True
    if "-J" in cmd_options:
        print_json = True

    page_size = unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)
    nsites = unsigned(kern.globals.vm_allocation_tag_highest) + 1
    tagcounts = [0] * nsites
    tagmapped = [0] * nsites

    if kern.globals.vm_tag_active_update:
        for tag in range(nsites):
            site = kern.globals.vm_allocation_sites[tag]
            if site:
                tagcounts[tag] = unsigned(site.total)
                tagmapped[tag] = unsigned(site.mapped)
    else:
        queue_head = kern.globals.vm_objects_wired
        for object in IterateQueue(queue_head, 'struct vm_object *', 'wired_objq'):
            if object != kern.globals.kernel_object:
                CountWiredObject(object, tagcounts)

        CountMapTags(kern.globals.kernel_map, tagcounts, slow)

    total = 0
    totalmapped = 0
    tags = []
    for tag in range(nsites):
        if all_tags or tagcounts[tag] or tagmapped[tag]:
            current = {}
            total += tagcounts[tag]
            totalmapped += tagmapped[tag]
            (sitestr, tagstr) = GetVMKernName(tag)
            current["name"] = sitestr
            current["size"] = tagcounts[tag]
            current["mapped"] = tagmapped[tag]
            current["tag"] = tag
            current["tagstr"] = tagstr
            current["subtotals"] = []

            site = kern.globals.vm_allocation_sites[tag]
            for sub in range(site.subtotalscount):
                alloctag = unsigned(site.subtotals[sub].tag)
                amount = unsigned(site.subtotals[sub].total)
                subsite = kern.globals.vm_allocation_sites[alloctag]
                if alloctag and subsite:
                    (sitestr, tagstr) = GetVMKernName(alloctag)
                    current["subtotals"].append({
                        "amount": amount,
                        "flags": int(subsite.flags),
                        "tag": alloctag,
                        "tagstr": tagstr,
                        "sitestr": sitestr,
                    })
            tags.append(current)

    if "-O" in cmd_options:
        tags.sort(key = lambda tag: tag['size'])

    # Serializing to json here ensure we always catch bugs preventing
    # serialization
    as_json = json.dumps(tags)
    if print_json:
        print(as_json)
    else:
        print(" vm_allocation_tag_highest: {:<7d}  ".format(nsites - 1))
        print(" {:<7s}  {:>7s}   {:>7s}  {:<50s}".format("tag.kmod", "size", "mapped", "name"))
        for tag in tags:
            if not tagstr:
                tagstr = ""
            print(" {:>3d}{:<4s}  {:>7d}K  {:>7d}K  {:<50s}".format(tag["tag"], tag["tagstr"], tag["size"] // 1024, tag["mapped"] // 1024, tag["name"]))
            for sub in tag["subtotals"]:
                if ((sub["flags"] & 0x007f) == 0):
                    kind_str = "named"
                else:
                    kind_str = "from"

                print(" {:>7s}  {:>7d}K      {:s}  {:>3d}{:<4s} {:<50s}".format(" ", sub["amount"] // 1024, kind_str, sub["tag"], sub["tagstr"], sub["sitestr"]))

        print("Total:    {:>7d}K  {:>7d}K".format(total // 1024, totalmapped // 1024))
    return None


def FindVMEntriesForVnode(task, vn):
    """ returns an array of vme that have the vnode set to defined vnode
        each entry in array is of format (vme, start_addr, end_address, protection)
    """
    retval = []
    vmmap = task.map
    pmap = vmmap.pmap
    pager_ops_addr = unsigned(addressof(kern.globals.vnode_pager_ops))
    debuglog("pager_ops_addr %s" % hex(pager_ops_addr))

    if unsigned(pmap) == 0:
        return retval
    vme_list_head = vmmap.hdr.links
    vme_ptr_type = gettype('vm_map_entry *')
    for vme in IterateQueue(vme_list_head, vme_ptr_type, 'links'):
        #print vme
        if unsigned(vme.is_sub_map) == 0 and unsigned(get_vme_object(vme)) != 0:
            obj = get_vme_object(vme)
        else:
            continue

        while obj != 0:
            if obj.pager != 0:
                if obj.internal:
                    pass
                else:
                    vn_pager = Cast(obj.pager, 'vnode_pager *')
                    if unsigned(vn_pager.vn_pgr_hdr.mo_pager_ops) == pager_ops_addr and unsigned(vn_pager.vnode_handle) == unsigned(vn):
                        retval.append((vme, unsigned(vme.links.start), unsigned(vme.links.end), unsigned(vme.protection)))
            obj = obj.shadow
    return retval

@lldb_command('showtaskloadinfo')
def ShowTaskLoadInfo(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Print the load address and uuid for the process
        Usage: (lldb)showtaskloadinfo <task_t>
    """
    if not cmd_args:
        raise ArgumentError("Insufficient arguments")
    t = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'struct task *')
    print_format = "0x{0:x} - 0x{1:x} {2: <50s} (??? - ???) <{3: <36s}> {4: <50s}"
    p = Cast(t.bsd_info, 'struct proc *')
    uuid = ProcGetUUID(p)
    uuid_out_string = "{a[0]:02X}{a[1]:02X}{a[2]:02X}{a[3]:02X}-{a[4]:02X}{a[5]:02X}-{a[6]:02X}{a[7]:02X}-{a[8]:02X}{a[9]:02X}-{a[10]:02X}{a[11]:02X}{a[12]:02X}{a[13]:02X}{a[14]:02X}{a[15]:02X}".format(a=uuid)
    filepath = GetVnodePath(p.p_textvp)
    libname = filepath.split('/')[-1]
    #print "uuid: %s file: %s" % (uuid_out_string, filepath)
    mappings = FindVMEntriesForVnode(t, p.p_textvp)
    load_addr = 0
    end_addr = 0
    for m in mappings:
        if m[3] == 5:
            load_addr = m[1]
            end_addr = m[2]
            #print "Load address: %s" % hex(m[1])
    print(print_format.format(load_addr, end_addr, libname, uuid_out_string, filepath))
    return None

@header("{0: <20s} {1: <20s} {2: <20s}".format("vm_page_t", "offset", "object"))
@lldb_command('vmpagelookup')
def VMPageLookup(cmd_args=None):
    """ Print the pages in the page bucket corresponding to the provided object and offset.
        Usage: (lldb)vmpagelookup <vm_object_t> <vm_offset_t>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 2:
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify an object and offset.")
    format_string = "{0: <#020x} {1: <#020x} {2: <#020x}\n"

    obj = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0],'unsigned long long')
    off = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[1],'unsigned long long')

    hash_id = _calc_vm_page_hash(obj, off)

    page_list = kern.globals.vm_page_buckets[hash_id].page_list
    print("hash_id: 0x%x page_list: 0x%x\n" % (unsigned(hash_id), unsigned(page_list)))

    print(VMPageLookup.header)
    page = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(page_list)
    while (page != 0) :
        pg_t = kern.GetValueFromAddress(page, 'vm_page_t')
        print(format_string.format(page, pg_t.vmp_offset, _vm_page_unpack_ptr(pg_t.vmp_object)))
        page = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(pg_t.vmp_next_m)


@lldb_command('vmpage_get_phys_page')
def VmPageGetPhysPage(cmd_args=None):
    """ return the physical page for a vm_page_t
        usage: vm_page_get_phys_page <vm_page_t>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Please provide valid vm_page_t. Type help vm_page_get_phys_page for help.")
        return

    page = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_page_t')
    phys_page = _vm_page_get_phys_page(page)
    print("phys_page = 0x%x\n" % phys_page)


def _vm_page_get_phys_page(page):
    if kern.arch == 'x86_64':
        return page.vmp_phys_page

    if page == 0 :
        return 0

    m = unsigned(page)

    if m >= unsigned(kern.globals.vm_page_array_beginning_addr) and m < unsigned(kern.globals.vm_page_array_ending_addr) :
        return (m - unsigned(kern.globals.vm_page_array_beginning_addr)) // sizeof('struct vm_page') + unsigned(kern.globals.vm_first_phys_ppnum)

    page_with_ppnum = Cast(page, 'uint32_t *')
    ppnum_offset = sizeof('struct vm_page') // sizeof('uint32_t')
    return page_with_ppnum[ppnum_offset]


@lldb_command('vmpage_unpack_ptr')
def VmPageUnpackPtr(cmd_args=None):
    """ unpack a pointer
        usage: vm_page_unpack_ptr <packed_ptr>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Please provide valid packed pointer argument. Type help vm_page_unpack_ptr for help.")
        return

    packed = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0],'unsigned long')
    unpacked = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(packed)
    print("unpacked pointer = 0x%x\n" % unpacked)


def _vm_page_unpack_ptr(page):
    if kern.ptrsize == 4 :
        return page

    if page == 0 :
        return page

    params = kern.globals.vm_page_packing_params
    ptr_shift = params.vmpp_shift
    ptr_mask = kern.globals.vm_packed_from_vm_pages_array_mask

    # when no mask and shift on 64bit systems, we're working with real/non-packed pointers
    if ptr_shift == 0 and ptr_mask == 0:
        return page

    if unsigned(page) & unsigned(ptr_mask):
        masked_page = (unsigned(page) & ~ptr_mask)
        # can't use addressof(kern.globals.vm_pages[masked_page]) due to 32 bit limitation in SB bridge
        vm_pages_addr = unsigned(addressof(kern.globals.vm_pages[0]))
        element_size = unsigned(addressof(kern.globals.vm_pages[1])) - vm_pages_addr
        return (vm_pages_addr + masked_page * element_size)
    return unsigned(vm_unpack_pointer(page, params))

@lldb_command('calcvmpagehash')
def CalcVMPageHash(cmd_args=None):
    """ Get the page bucket corresponding to the provided object and offset.
        Usage: (lldb)calcvmpagehash <vm_object_t> <vm_offset_t>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 2:
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify an object and offset.")

    obj = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0],'unsigned long long')
    off = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[1],'unsigned long long')

    hash_id = _calc_vm_page_hash(obj, off)

    print("hash_id: 0x%x page_list: 0x%x\n" % (unsigned(hash_id), unsigned(kern.globals.vm_page_buckets[hash_id].page_list)))
    return None

def _calc_vm_page_hash(obj, off):
    bucket_hash = (int) (kern.globals.vm_page_bucket_hash)
    hash_mask = (int) (kern.globals.vm_page_hash_mask)

    one = (obj * bucket_hash) & 0xFFFFFFFF
    two = off >> unsigned(kern.globals.page_shift)
    three = two ^ bucket_hash
    four = one + three
    hash_id = four & hash_mask

    return hash_id

#Macro: showallocatedzoneelement
@lldb_command('showallocatedzoneelement')
def ShowAllocatedElementsInZone(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Show all the allocated elements in a zone
        usage: showzoneallocelements <address of zone>
    """
    if len(cmd_args) < 1:
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify a zone")

    zone = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'struct zone *')
    elements = FindAllocatedElementsInZone(zone)
    i = 1
    for elem in elements:
        print("{0: >10d}/{1:<10d} element: {2: <#20x}".format(i, len(elements), elem))
        i += 1

#EndMacro: showallocatedzoneelement

def FindAllocatedElementsInZone(zone):
    elements = []

    if not zone.z_self or zone.z_permanent:
        return elements

    for head in [zone.z_pageq_partial, zone.z_pageq_full]:
        for meta in ZoneIteratePageQueue(head):
            for elem in meta.iterateElements():
                if not meta.isElementFree(elem):
                    elements.append(elem)

    return elements

def match_vm_page_attributes(page, matching_attributes):
    page_ptr = addressof(page)
    unpacked_vm_object = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(page.vmp_object)
    matched_attributes = 0
    if "vmp_q_state" in matching_attributes and (page.vmp_q_state == matching_attributes["vmp_q_state"]):
        matched_attributes += 1
    if "vm_object" in matching_attributes and (unsigned(unpacked_vm_object) == unsigned(matching_attributes["vm_object"])):
        matched_attributes += 1
    if "vmp_offset" in matching_attributes and (unsigned(page.vmp_offset) == unsigned(matching_attributes["vmp_offset"])):
        matched_attributes += 1
    if "phys_page" in matching_attributes and (unsigned(_vm_page_get_phys_page(page_ptr)) == unsigned(matching_attributes["phys_page"])):
        matched_attributes += 1
    if "bitfield" in matching_attributes and unsigned(page.__getattr__(matching_attributes["bitfield"])) == 1:
        matched_attributes += 1

    return matched_attributes

#Macro scan_vm_pages
@header("{0: >26s}{1: >20s}{2: >10s}{3: >20s}{4: >20s}{5: >16s}".format("vm_pages_index/zone", "vm_page", "q_state", "vm_object", "offset", "ppn", "bitfield", "from_zone_map"))
@lldb_command('scan_vm_pages', 'S:O:F:I:P:B:I:N:ZA')
def ScanVMPages(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Scan the global vm_pages array (-A) and/or vmpages zone (-Z) for pages with matching attributes.
        usage: scan_vm_pages <matching attribute(s)> [-A start vm_pages index] [-N number of pages to scan] [-Z scan vm_pages zone]

            scan_vm_pages -A: scan vm pages in the global vm_pages array
            scan_vm_pages -Z: scan vm pages allocated from the vm.pages zone
            scan_vm_pages <-A/-Z> -S <vm_page_q_state value>: Find vm pages in the specified queue
            scan_vm_pages <-A/-Z> -O <vm_object>: Find vm pages in the specified vm_object
            scan_vm_pages <-A/-Z> -F <offset>: Find vm pages with the specified vmp_offset value
            scan_vm_pages <-A/-Z> -P <phys_page>: Find vm pages with the specified physical page number
            scan_vm_pages <-A/-Z> -B <bitfield>: Find vm pages with the bitfield set
            scan_vm_pages <-A> -I <start_index>: Start the scan from start_index
            scan_vm_pages <-A> -N <npages>: Scan at most npages
    """
    if (len(cmd_options) < 1):
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify at least one matching attribute")

    vm_pages = kern.globals.vm_pages
    vm_pages_count = kern.globals.vm_pages_count

    start_index = 0
    npages = vm_pages_count
    scan_vmpages_array = False
    scan_vmpages_zone = False
    attribute_count = 0

    if "-A" in cmd_options:
        scan_vmpages_array = True

    if "-Z" in cmd_options:
        scan_vmpages_zone = True

    if scan_vmpages_array == False and scan_vmpages_zone == False:
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify where to scan (-A: vm_pages array, -Z: vm.pages zone)")

    attribute_values = {}
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        attribute_values["vmp_q_state"] = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options["-S"], 'int')
        attribute_count += 1

    if "-O" in cmd_options:
        attribute_values["vm_object"] = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options["-O"], 'vm_object_t')
        attribute_count += 1

    if "-F" in cmd_options:
        attribute_values["vmp_offset"] = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options["-F"], 'unsigned long long')
        attribute_count += 1

    if "-P" in cmd_options:
        attribute_values["phys_page"] = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options["-P"], 'unsigned int')
        attribute_count += 1

    if "-B" in cmd_options:
        valid_vmp_bitfields = [
            "vmp_in_background",
            "vmp_on_backgroundq",
            "vmp_gobbled",
            "vmp_laundry",
            "vmp_no_cache",
            "vmp_private",
            "vmp_reference",
            "vmp_busy",
            "vmp_wanted",
            "vmp_tabled",
            "vmp_hashed",
            "vmp_fictitious",
            "vmp_clustered",
            "vmp_pmapped",
            "vmp_xpmapped",
            "vmp_free_when_done",
            "vmp_absent",
            "vmp_error",
            "vmp_dirty",
            "vmp_cleaning",
            "vmp_precious",
            "vmp_overwriting",
            "vmp_restart",
            "vmp_unusual",
            "vmp_cs_validated",
            "vmp_cs_tainted",
            "vmp_cs_nx",
            "vmp_reusable",
            "vmp_lopage",
            "vmp_written_by_kernel",
            "vmp_unused_object_bits"
            ]
        attribute_values["bitfield"] = cmd_options["-B"]
        if attribute_values["bitfield"] in valid_vmp_bitfields:
            attribute_count += 1
        else:
            raise ArgumentError("Unknown bitfield: {0:>20s}".format(bitfield))

    if "-I" in cmd_options:
        start_index = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options["-I"], 'int')
        npages = vm_pages_count - start_index

    if "-N" in cmd_options:
        npages = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options["-N"], 'int')
        if npages == 0:
            raise ArgumentError("You specified -N 0, nothing to be scanned")

    end_index = start_index + npages - 1
    if end_index >= vm_pages_count:
        raise ArgumentError("Index range out of bound. vm_pages_count: {0:d}".format(vm_pages_count))

    header_after_n_lines = 40
    format_string = "{0: >26s}{1: >#20x}{2: >10d}{3: >#20x}{4: >#20x}{5: >#16x}"

    found_in_array = 0
    if scan_vmpages_array:
        print("Scanning vm_pages[{0:d} to {1:d}] for {2:d} matching attribute(s)......".format(start_index, end_index, attribute_count))
        i = start_index
        while i <= end_index:
            page = vm_pages[i]
            if match_vm_page_attributes(page, attribute_values) == attribute_count:
                if found_in_array % header_after_n_lines == 0:
                    print(ScanVMPages.header)

                print(format_string.format(str(i), addressof(page), page.vmp_q_state, _vm_page_unpack_ptr(page.vmp_object), page.vmp_offset, _vm_page_get_phys_page(addressof(page))))
                found_in_array += 1

            i += 1

    found_in_zone = 0
    if scan_vmpages_zone:
        page_size = kern.GetGlobalVariable('page_size')
        print("Scanning vm.pages zone for {0:d} matching attribute(s)......".format(attribute_count))

        zone = GetZoneByName("vm pages")
        if zone is None:
            print("Cannot find vm_pages zone, skip the scan")
        else:
            print("Scanning page queues in the vm_pages zone...")
            elements = FindAllocatedElementsInZone(zone)
            for elem in elements:
                page = kern.GetValueFromAddress(elem, 'vm_page_t')

                if match_vm_page_attributes(page, attribute_values) == attribute_count:
                    if found_in_zone % header_after_n_lines == 0:
                        print(ScanVMPages.header)

                    vm_object = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(page.vmp_object)
                    phys_page = _vm_page_get_phys_page(page)
                    print(format_string.format("vm_pages zone", elem, page.vmp_q_state, vm_object, page.vmp_offset, phys_page))
                    found_in_zone += 1

    total = found_in_array + found_in_zone
    print("Found {0:d} vm pages ({1:d} in array, {2:d} in zone) matching the requested {3:d} attribute(s)".format(total, found_in_array, found_in_zone, attribute_count))

#EndMacro scan_vm_pages

VM_PAGE_IS_WIRED = 1

@header("{0: <10s} of {1: <10s} {2: <20s} {3: <20s} {4: <20s} {5: <10s} {6: <5s}\t {7: <28s}\t{8: <50s}".format("index", "total", "vm_page_t", "offset", "next", "phys_page", "wire#", "first bitfield", "second bitfield"))
@lldb_command('vmobjectwalkpages', 'CSBNQP:O:')
def VMObjectWalkPages(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Print the resident pages contained in the provided object. If a vm_page_t is provided as well, we
        specifically look for this page, highlighting it in the output or noting if it was not found. For
        each page, we confirm that it points to the object. We also keep track of the number of pages we
        see and compare this to the object's resident page count field.
        Usage:
            vmobjectwalkpages <vm_object_t> : Walk and print all the pages for a given object (up to 4K pages by default)
            vmobjectwalkpages <vm_object_t> -C : list pages in compressor after processing resident pages
            vmobjectwalkpages <vm_object_t> -B : Walk and print all the pages for a given object (up to 4K pages by default), traversing the memq backwards
            vmobjectwalkpages <vm_object_t> -N : Walk and print all the pages for a given object, ignore the page limit
            vmobjectwalkpages <vm_object_t> -Q : Walk all pages for a given object, looking for known signs of corruption (i.e. q_state == VM_PAGE_IS_WIRED && wire_count == 0)
            vmobjectwalkpages <vm_object_t> -P <vm_page_t> : Walk all the pages for a given object, annotate the specified page in the output with ***
            vmobjectwalkpages <vm_object_t> -P <vm_page_t> -S : Walk all the pages for a given object, stopping when we find the specified page
            vmobjectwalkpages <vm_object_t> -O <offset> : Like -P, but looks for given offset

    """

    if (cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1):
        raise ArgumentError("Please specify at minimum a vm_object_t and optionally a vm_page_t")

    out_string = ""

    obj = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_object_t')

    page = 0
    if "-P" in cmd_options:
        page = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options['-P'], 'vm_page_t')

    off = -1
    if "-O" in cmd_options:
        off = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_options['-O'], 'vm_offset_t')

    stop = 0
    if "-S" in cmd_options:
        if page == 0 and off < 0:
            raise ArgumentError("-S can only be passed when a page is specified with -P or -O")
        stop = 1

    walk_backwards = False
    if "-B" in cmd_options:
        walk_backwards = True

    quiet_mode = False
    if "-Q" in cmd_options:
        quiet_mode = True

    if not quiet_mode:
        print(VMObjectWalkPages.header)
        format_string = "{0: <#10d} of {1: <#10d} {2: <#020x} {3: <#020x} {4: <#020x} {5: <#010x} {6: <#05d}\t"
        first_bitfield_format_string = "{0: <#2d}:{1: <#1d}:{2: <#1d}:{3: <#1d}:{4: <#1d}:{5: <#1d}:{6: <#1d}:{7: <#1d}\t"
        second_bitfield_format_string = "{0: <#1d}:{1: <#1d}:{2: <#1d}:{3: <#1d}:{4: <#1d}:{5: <#1d}:{6: <#1d}:"
        second_bitfield_format_string += "{7: <#1d}:{8: <#1d}:{9: <#1d}:{10: <#1d}:{11: <#1d}:{12: <#1d}:"
        second_bitfield_format_string += "{13: <#1d}:{14: <#1d}:{15: <#1d}:{16: <#1d}:{17: <#1d}:{18: <#1d}:{19: <#1d}:"
        second_bitfield_format_string +=  "{20: <#1d}:{21: <#1d}:{22: <#1d}:{23: <#1d}:{24: <#1d}:{25: <#1d}:{26: <#1d}\n"

    limit = 4096 #arbitrary limit of number of pages to walk
    ignore_limit = 0
    if "-N" in cmd_options:
        ignore_limit = 1

    show_compressed = 0
    if "-C" in cmd_options:
        show_compressed = 1

    page_count = 0
    res_page_count = unsigned(obj.resident_page_count)
    page_found = False
    pages_seen = set()

    for vmp in IterateQueue(obj.memq, "vm_page_t", "vmp_listq", walk_backwards, unpack_ptr_fn=_vm_page_unpack_ptr):
        page_count += 1
        out_string = ""
        if (page != 0 and not(page_found) and vmp == page):
            out_string += "******"
            page_found = True

        if (off > 0 and not(page_found) and vmp.vmp_offset == off):
            out_string += "******"
            page_found = True

        if page != 0 or off > 0 or quiet_mode:
             if (page_count % 1000) == 0:
                print("traversed %d pages ...\n" % (page_count))
        else:
                out_string += format_string.format(page_count, res_page_count, vmp, vmp.vmp_offset, _vm_page_unpack_ptr(vmp.vmp_listq.next), _vm_page_get_phys_page(vmp), vmp.vmp_wire_count)
                out_string += first_bitfield_format_string.format(vmp.vmp_q_state, vmp.vmp_in_background, vmp.vmp_on_backgroundq, vmp.vmp_gobbled, vmp.vmp_laundry, vmp.vmp_no_cache,
                                                                   vmp.vmp_private, vmp.vmp_reference)

                if hasattr(vmp,'slid'):
                    vmp_slid = vmp.slid
                else:
                    vmp_slid = 0
                out_string += second_bitfield_format_string.format(vmp.vmp_busy, vmp.vmp_wanted, vmp.vmp_tabled, vmp.vmp_hashed, vmp.vmp_fictitious, vmp.vmp_clustered,
                                                                    vmp.vmp_pmapped, vmp.vmp_xpmapped, vmp.vmp_wpmapped, vmp.vmp_free_when_done, vmp.vmp_absent,
                                                                    vmp.vmp_error, vmp.vmp_dirty, vmp.vmp_cleaning, vmp.vmp_precious, vmp.vmp_overwriting,
                                                                    vmp.vmp_restart, vmp.vmp_unusual, 0, 0,
                                                                    vmp.vmp_cs_validated, vmp.vmp_cs_tainted, vmp.vmp_cs_nx, vmp.vmp_reusable, vmp.vmp_lopage, vmp_slid,
                                                                    vmp.vmp_written_by_kernel)

        if (vmp in pages_seen):
            print(out_string + "cycle detected! we've seen vm_page_t: " + "{0: <#020x}".format(unsigned(vmp)) + " twice. stopping...\n")
            return

        if (_vm_page_unpack_ptr(vmp.vmp_object) != unsigned(obj)):
            print(out_string + " vm_page_t: " + "{0: <#020x}".format(unsigned(vmp)) +  " points to different vm_object_t: " + "{0: <#020x}".format(unsigned(_vm_page_unpack_ptr(vmp.vmp_object))))
            return

        if (vmp.vmp_q_state == VM_PAGE_IS_WIRED) and (vmp.vmp_wire_count == 0):
            print(out_string + " page in wired state with wire_count of 0\n")
            print("vm_page_t: " + "{0: <#020x}".format(unsigned(vmp)) + "\n")
            print("stopping...\n")
            return

        if (hasattr(vmp, 'vmp_unused_page_bits') and (vmp.vmp_unused_page_bits != 0)):
            print(out_string + " unused bits not zero for vm_page_t: " + "{0: <#020x}".format(unsigned(vmp)) + " unused__pageq_bits: %d\n" % (vmp.vmp_unused_page_bits))
            print("stopping...\n")
            return

        if (hasattr(vmp, 'vmp_unused_object_bits') and (vmp.vmp_unused_object_bits != 0)):
            print(out_string + " unused bits not zero for vm_page_t: " + "{0: <#020x}".format(unsigned(vmp)) + " unused_object_bits : %d\n" % (vmp.vmp_unused_object_bits))
            print("stopping...\n")
            return

        pages_seen.add(vmp)

        if False:
            hash_id = _calc_vm_page_hash(obj, vmp.vmp_offset)
            hash_page_list = kern.globals.vm_page_buckets[hash_id].page_list
            hash_page = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(hash_page_list)
            hash_page_t = 0

            while (hash_page != 0):
                hash_page_t = kern.GetValueFromAddress(hash_page, 'vm_page_t')
                if hash_page_t == vmp:
                    break
                hash_page = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(hash_page_t.vmp_next_m)

            if (unsigned(vmp) != unsigned(hash_page_t)):
                print(out_string + "unable to find page: " + "{0: <#020x}".format(unsigned(vmp)) + " from object in kernel page bucket list\n")
                print(lldb_run_command("vm_page_info %s 0x%x" % (cmd_args[0], unsigned(vmp.vmp_offset))))
                return

        if (page_count >= limit and not(ignore_limit)):
            print(out_string + "Limit reached (%d pages), stopping..." % (limit))
            break

        print(out_string)

        if page_found and stop:
            print("Object reports resident page count of: %d we stopped after traversing %d and finding the requested page.\n" % (unsigned(obj.res_page_count), unsigned(page_count)))
            return

    if (page != 0):
        print("page found? : %s\n" % page_found)

    if (off > 0):
        print("page found? : %s\n" % page_found)

    print("Object reports resident page count of %d, we saw %d pages when we walked the resident list.\n" % (unsigned(obj.resident_page_count), unsigned(page_count)))

    if show_compressed != 0 and obj.pager != 0 and unsigned(obj.pager.mo_pager_ops) == unsigned(addressof(kern.globals.compressor_pager_ops)):
        pager = Cast(obj.pager, 'compressor_pager *')
        chunks = pager.cpgr_num_slots // 128
        pagesize = kern.globals.page_size

        page_idx = 0
        while page_idx < pager.cpgr_num_slots:
            if chunks != 0:
                chunk = pager.cpgr_slots.cpgr_islots[page_idx // 128]
                slot = chunk[page_idx % 128]
            elif pager.cpgr_num_slots > 2:
                slot = pager.cpgr_slots.cpgr_dslots[page_idx]
            else:
                slot = pager.cpgr_slots.cpgr_eslots[page_idx]

            if slot != 0:
               print("compressed page for offset: %x slot %x\n" % ((page_idx * pagesize) - obj.paging_offset, slot))
            page_idx = page_idx + 1


@lldb_command("show_all_apple_protect_pagers")
def ShowAllAppleProtectPagers(cmd_args=None):
    """Routine to print all apple_protect pagers
        usage: show_all_apple_protect_pagers
    """
    print("{:>3s} {:<3s} {:<18s} {:>5s} {:>5s} {:>6s} {:>6s} {:<18s} {:<18s} {:<18s} {:<18s} {:<18s}\n".format("#", "#", "pager", "refs", "ready", "mapped", "cached", "object", "offset", "crypto_offset", "crypto_start", "crypto_end"))
    qhead = kern.globals.apple_protect_pager_queue
    qtype = GetType('apple_protect_pager *')
    qcnt = kern.globals.apple_protect_pager_count
    idx = 0
    for pager in IterateQueue(qhead, qtype, "pager_queue"):
        idx = idx + 1
        show_apple_protect_pager(pager, qcnt, idx)

@lldb_command("show_apple_protect_pager")
def ShowAppleProtectPager(cmd_args=None):
    """Routine to print out info about an apple_protect pager
        usage: show_apple_protect_pager <pager>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowAppleProtectPager.__doc__)
        return
    pager = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'apple_protect_pager_t')
    show_apple_protect_pager(pager, 1, 1)

def show_apple_protect_pager(pager, qcnt, idx):
    object = pager.backing_object
    shadow = object.shadow
    while shadow != 0:
        object = shadow
        shadow = object.shadow
    vnode_pager = Cast(object.pager,'vnode_pager *')
    filename = GetVnodePath(vnode_pager.vnode_handle)
    if hasattr(pager, "ap_pgr_hdr_ref"):
        refcnt = pager.ap_pgr_hdr_ref
    else:
        refcnt = pager.ap_pgr_hdr.mo_ref
    print("{:>3}/{:<3d} {: <#018x} {:>5d} {:>5d} {:>6d} {:>6d} {: <#018x} {:#018x} {:#018x} {:#018x} {:#018x}\n\tcrypt_info:{: <#018x} <decrypt:{: <#018x} end:{:#018x} ops:{: <#018x} refs:{:<d}>\n\tvnode:{: <#018x} {:s}\n".format(idx, qcnt, pager, refcnt, pager.is_ready, pager.is_mapped, pager.is_cached, pager.backing_object, pager.backing_offset, pager.crypto_backing_offset, pager.crypto_start, pager.crypto_end, pager.crypt_info, pager.crypt_info.page_decrypt, pager.crypt_info.crypt_end, pager.crypt_info.crypt_ops, pager.crypt_info.crypt_refcnt, vnode_pager.vnode_handle, filename))
    showvmobject(pager.backing_object, pager.backing_offset, pager.crypto_end - pager.crypto_start, 1, 1)

@lldb_command("show_all_shared_region_pagers")
def ShowAllSharedRegionPagers(cmd_args=None):
    """Routine to print all shared_region pagers
        usage: show_all_shared_region_pagers
    """
    print("{:>3s} {:<3s} {:<18s} {:>5s} {:>5s} {:>6s} {:<18s} {:<18s} {:<18s} {:<18s}\n".format("#", "#", "pager", "refs", "ready", "mapped", "object", "offset", "jop_key", "slide", "slide_info"))
    qhead = kern.globals.shared_region_pager_queue
    qtype = GetType('shared_region_pager *')
    qcnt = kern.globals.shared_region_pager_count
    idx = 0
    for pager in IterateQueue(qhead, qtype, "srp_queue"):
        idx = idx + 1
        show_shared_region_pager(pager, qcnt, idx)

@lldb_command("show_shared_region_pager")
def ShowSharedRegionPager(cmd_args=None):
    """Routine to print out info about a shared_region pager
        usage: show_shared_region_pager <pager>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowSharedRegionPager.__doc__)
        return
    pager = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'shared_region_pager_t')
    show_shared_region_pager(pager, 1, 1)

def show_shared_region_pager(pager, qcnt, idx):
    object = pager.srp_backing_object
    shadow = object.shadow
    while shadow != 0:
        object = shadow
        shadow = object.shadow
    vnode_pager = Cast(object.pager,'vnode_pager *')
    filename = GetVnodePath(vnode_pager.vnode_handle)
    if hasattr(pager, 'srp_ref_count'):
        ref_count = pager.srp_ref_count
    else:
        ref_count = pager.srp_header.mo_ref
    if hasattr(pager, 'srp_jop_key'):
        jop_key = pager.srp_jop_key
    else:
        jop_key = -1
    print("{:>3}/{:<3d} {: <#018x} {:>5d} {:>5d} {:>6d} {: <#018x} {:#018x} {:#018x} {:#018x}\n\tvnode:{: <#018x} {:s}\n".format(idx, qcnt, pager, ref_count, pager.srp_is_ready, pager.srp_is_mapped, pager.srp_backing_object, pager.srp_backing_offset, jop_key, pager.srp_slide_info.si_slide, pager.srp_slide_info, vnode_pager.vnode_handle, filename))
    showvmobject(pager.srp_backing_object, pager.srp_backing_offset, pager.srp_slide_info.si_end - pager.srp_slide_info.si_start, 1, 1)

@lldb_command("show_console_ring")
def ShowConsoleRingData(cmd_args=None):
    """ Print console ring buffer stats and data
    """
    cr = kern.globals.console_ring
    print("console_ring = {:#018x}  buffer = {:#018x}  length = {:<5d}  used = {:<5d}  read_ptr = {:#018x}  write_ptr = {:#018x}".format(addressof(cr), cr.buffer, cr.len, cr.used, cr.read_ptr, cr.write_ptr))
    pending_data = []
    for i in range(unsigned(cr.used)):
        idx = ((unsigned(cr.read_ptr) - unsigned(cr.buffer)) + i) % unsigned(cr.len)
        pending_data.append("{:c}".format(cr.buffer[idx]))

    if pending_data:
        print("Data:")
        print("".join(pending_data))

# Macro: showjetsamsnapshot

@lldb_command("showjetsamsnapshot", "DA")
def ShowJetsamSnapshot(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Dump entries in the jetsam snapshot table
        usage: showjetsamsnapshot [-D] [-A]
        Use -D flag to print extra physfootprint details
        Use -A flag to print all entries (regardless of valid count)
    """

    # Not shown are uuid, user_data, cpu_time

    global kern

    show_footprint_details = False
    show_all_entries = False

    if "-D" in cmd_options:
        show_footprint_details = True

    if "-A" in cmd_options:
        show_all_entries = True

    valid_count = kern.globals.memorystatus_jetsam_snapshot_count
    max_count = kern.globals.memorystatus_jetsam_snapshot_max

    if (show_all_entries == True):
        count = max_count
    else:
        count = valid_count

    print("{:s}".format(valid_count))
    print("{:s}".format(max_count))

    if int(count) == 0:
        print("The jetsam snapshot is empty.")
        print("Use -A to force dump all entries (regardless of valid count)")
        return

    # Dumps the snapshot header info
    print(lldb_run_command('p *memorystatus_jetsam_snapshot'))

    hdr_format = "{0: >32s} {1: >5s} {2: >4s} {3: >6s} {4: >6s} {5: >20s} {6: >20s} {7: >20s} {8: >5s} {9: >10s} {10: >6s} {11: >6s} {12: >10s} {13: >15s} {14: >15s} {15: >15s}"
    if (show_footprint_details == True):
        hdr_format += "{16: >15s} {17: >15s} {18: >12s} {19: >12s} {20: >17s} {21: >10s} {22: >13s} {23: >10s}"


    if (show_footprint_details == False):
        print(hdr_format.format('command', 'index', 'pri', 'cid', 'pid', 'starttime', 'killtime', 'idletime', 'kill', '#ents', 'fds', 'gen', 'state', 'footprint', 'purgeable', 'lifetimeMax'))
        print(hdr_format.format('', '', '', '', '', '(abs)', '(abs)', '(abs)', 'cause', '', '', 'Count', '', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)'))
    else:
        print(hdr_format.format('command', 'index', 'pri', 'cid', 'pid', 'starttime', 'killtime', 'idletime', 'kill', '#ents', 'fds', 'gen', 'state', 'footprint', 'purgeable', 'lifetimeMax', '|| internal', 'internal_comp', 'iokit_mapped', 'purge_nonvol', 'purge_nonvol_comp', 'alt_acct', 'alt_acct_comp', 'page_table'))
        print(hdr_format.format('', '', '', '', '', '(abs)', '(abs)', '(abs)', 'cause', '', '', 'Count', '', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)', '(pages)'))


    entry_format = "{e.name: >32s} {index: >5d} {e.priority: >4d} {e.jse_coalition_jetsam_id: >6d} {e.pid: >6d} "\
                   "{e.jse_starttime: >20d} {e.jse_killtime: >20d} "\
                   "{e.jse_idle_delta: >20d} {e.killed: >5d} {e.jse_memory_region_count: >10d} "\
                   "{e.fds: >6d} {e.jse_gencount: >6d} {e.state: >10x} {e.pages: >15d} "\
                   "{e.purgeable_pages: >15d} {e.max_pages_lifetime: >15d}"

    if (show_footprint_details == True):
        entry_format += "{e.jse_internal_pages: >15d} "\
                        "{e.jse_internal_compressed_pages: >15d} "\
                        "{e.jse_iokit_mapped_pages: >12d} "\
                        "{e.jse_purgeable_nonvolatile_pages: >12d} "\
                        "{e.jse_purgeable_nonvolatile_compressed_pages: >17d} "\
                        "{e.jse_alternate_accounting_pages: >10d} "\
                        "{e.jse_alternate_accounting_compressed_pages: >13d} "\
                        "{e.jse_page_table_pages: >10d}"

    snapshot_list = kern.globals.memorystatus_jetsam_snapshot.entries
    idx = 0
    while idx < count:
        current_entry = dereference(Cast(addressof(snapshot_list[idx]), 'jetsam_snapshot_entry *'))
        print(entry_format.format(index=idx, e=current_entry))
        idx +=1
    return

# EndMacro: showjetsamsnapshot

# Macro: showvnodecleanblk/showvnodedirtyblk

def _GetBufSummary(buf):
    """ Get a summary of important information out of a buf_t.
    """
    initial = "(struct buf) {0: <#0x} ="

    # List all of the fields in this buf summary.
    entries = [buf.b_hash, buf.b_vnbufs, buf.b_freelist, buf.b_timestamp, buf.b_whichq,
        buf.b_flags, buf.b_lflags, buf.b_error, buf.b_bufsize, buf.b_bcount, buf.b_resid,
        buf.b_dev, buf.b_datap, buf.b_lblkno, buf.b_blkno, buf.b_iodone, buf.b_vp,
        buf.b_rcred, buf.b_wcred, buf.b_upl, buf.b_real_bp, buf.b_act, buf.b_drvdata,
        buf.b_fsprivate, buf.b_transaction, buf.b_dirtyoff, buf.b_dirtyend, buf.b_validoff,
        buf.b_validend, buf.b_redundancy_flags, buf.b_proc, buf.b_attr]

    # Join an (already decent) string representation of each field
    # with newlines and indent the region.
    joined_strs = "\n".join([str(i).rstrip() for i in entries]).replace('\n', "\n    ")

    # Add the total string representation to our title and return it.
    out_str = initial.format(int(buf)) + " {\n    " + joined_strs + "\n}\n\n"
    return out_str

def _ShowVnodeBlocks(dirty=True, cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about all [dirty|clean] blocks in a vnode.
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Please provide a valid vnode argument.")
        return

    vnodeval = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vnode *')
    list_head = vnodeval.v_cleanblkhd;
    if dirty:
        list_head = vnodeval.v_dirtyblkhd

    print("Blocklist for vnode {}:".format(cmd_args[0]))

    i = 0
    for buf in IterateListEntry(list_head, 'struct buf *', 'b_hash'):
        # For each block (buf_t) in the appropriate list,
        # ask for a summary and print it.
        print("---->\nblock {}: ".format(i) + _GetBufSummary(buf))
        i += 1
    return

@lldb_command('showvnodecleanblk')
def ShowVnodeCleanBlocks(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about all clean blocks in a vnode.
        usage: showvnodecleanblk <address of vnode>
    """
    _ShowVnodeBlocks(False, cmd_args)

@lldb_command('showvnodedirtyblk')
def ShowVnodeDirtyBlocks(cmd_args=None):
    """ Display info about all dirty blocks in a vnode.
        usage: showvnodedirtyblk <address of vnode>
    """
    _ShowVnodeBlocks(True, cmd_args)

# EndMacro: showvnodecleanblk/showvnodedirtyblk


@lldb_command("vm_page_lookup_in_map")
def VmPageLookupInMap(cmd_args=None):
    """Lookup up a page at a virtual address in a VM map
        usage: vm_page_lookup_in_map <map> <vaddr>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 2:
        print("Invalid argument.", VmPageLookupInMap.__doc__)
        return
    map = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_map_t')
    vaddr = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[1], 'vm_map_offset_t')
    print("vaddr {:#018x} in map {: <#018x}".format(vaddr, map))
    vm_page_lookup_in_map(map, vaddr)

def vm_page_lookup_in_map(map, vaddr):
    vaddr = unsigned(vaddr)
    vme_list_head = map.hdr.links
    vme_ptr_type = GetType('vm_map_entry *')
    for vme in IterateQueue(vme_list_head, vme_ptr_type, "links"):
        if unsigned(vme.links.start) > vaddr:
            break
        if unsigned(vme.links.end) <= vaddr:
            continue
        offset_in_vme = vaddr - unsigned(vme.links.start)
        print("  offset {:#018x} in map entry {: <#018x} [{:#018x}:{:#018x}] object {: <#018x} offset {:#018x}".format(offset_in_vme, vme, unsigned(vme.links.start), unsigned(vme.links.end), get_vme_object(vme), unsigned(vme.vme_offset) & ~0xFFF))
        offset_in_object = offset_in_vme + (unsigned(vme.vme_offset) & ~0xFFF)
        if vme.is_sub_map:
            print("vaddr {:#018x} in map {: <#018x}".format(offset_in_object, vme.vme_object.vmo_submap))
            vm_page_lookup_in_map(vme.vme_object.vmo_submap, offset_in_object)
        else:
            vm_page_lookup_in_object(get_vme_object(vme), offset_in_object)

@lldb_command("vm_page_lookup_in_object")
def VmPageLookupInObject(cmd_args=None):
    """Lookup up a page at a given offset in a VM object
        usage: vm_page_lookup_in_object <object> <offset>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 2:
        print("Invalid argument.", VmPageLookupInObject.__doc__)
        return
    object = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_object_t')
    offset = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[1], 'vm_object_offset_t')
    print("offset {:#018x} in object {: <#018x}".format(offset, object))
    vm_page_lookup_in_object(object, offset)

def vm_page_lookup_in_object(object, offset):
    offset = unsigned(offset)
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size
    trunc_offset = offset & ~(page_size - 1)
    print("    offset {:#018x} in VM object {: <#018x}".format(offset, object))
    hash_id = _calc_vm_page_hash(object, trunc_offset)
    page_list = kern.globals.vm_page_buckets[hash_id].page_list
    page = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(page_list)
    while page != 0:
        m = kern.GetValueFromAddress(page, 'vm_page_t')
        m_object_val = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(m.vmp_object)
        m_object = kern.GetValueFromAddress(m_object_val, 'vm_object_t')
        if unsigned(m_object) != unsigned(object) or unsigned(m.vmp_offset) != unsigned(trunc_offset):
            page = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(m.vmp_next_m)
            continue
        print("    resident page {: <#018x} phys {:#010x}".format(m, _vm_page_get_phys_page(m)))
        return
    if object.pager and object.pager_ready:
        offset_in_pager = trunc_offset + unsigned(object.paging_offset)
        if not object.internal:
            print("    offset {:#018x} in external '{:s}' {: <#018x}".format(offset_in_pager, object.pager.mo_pager_ops.memory_object_pager_name, object.pager))
            return
        pager = Cast(object.pager, 'compressor_pager *')
        ret = vm_page_lookup_in_compressor_pager(pager, offset_in_pager)
        if ret:
            return
    if object.shadow and not object.phys_contiguous:
        offset_in_shadow = offset + unsigned(object.vo_un2.vou_shadow_offset)
        vm_page_lookup_in_object(object.shadow, offset_in_shadow)
        return
    print("    page is absent and will be zero-filled on demand")
    return

@lldb_command("vm_page_lookup_in_compressor_pager")
def VmPageLookupInCompressorPager(cmd_args=None):
    """Lookup up a page at a given offset in a compressor pager
        usage: vm_page_lookup_in_compressor_pager <pager> <offset>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 2:
        print("Invalid argument.", VmPageLookupInCompressorPager.__doc__)
        return
    pager = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'compressor_pager_t')
    offset = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[1], 'memory_object_offset_t')
    print("offset {:#018x} in compressor pager {: <#018x}".format(offset, pager))
    vm_page_lookup_in_compressor_pager(pager, offset)

def vm_page_lookup_in_compressor_pager(pager, offset):
    offset = unsigned(offset)
    page_size = unsigned(kern.globals.page_size)
    page_num = unsigned(offset // page_size)
    if page_num > pager.cpgr_num_slots:
        print("      *** ERROR: vm_page_lookup_in_compressor_pager({: <#018x},{:#018x}): page_num {:#x} > num_slots {:#x}".format(pager, offset, page_num, pager.cpgr_num_slots))
        return 0
    slots_per_chunk = 512 // sizeof ('compressor_slot_t')
    num_chunks = unsigned((pager.cpgr_num_slots+slots_per_chunk-1) // slots_per_chunk)
    if num_chunks > 1:
        chunk_idx = unsigned(page_num // slots_per_chunk)
        chunk = pager.cpgr_slots.cpgr_islots[chunk_idx]
        slot_idx = unsigned(page_num % slots_per_chunk)
        slot = GetObjectAtIndexFromArray(chunk, slot_idx)
        slot_str = "islots[{:d}][{:d}]".format(chunk_idx, slot_idx)
    elif pager.cpgr_num_slots > 2:
        slot_idx = page_num
        slot = GetObjectAtIndexFromArray(pager.cpgr_slots.cpgr_dslots, slot_idx)
        slot_str = "dslots[{:d}]".format(slot_idx)
    else:
        slot_idx = page_num
        slot = GetObjectAtIndexFromArray(pager.cpgr_slots.cpgr_eslots, slot_idx)
        slot_str = "eslots[{:d}]".format(slot_idx)
    print("      offset {:#018x} in compressor pager {: <#018x} {:s} slot {: <#018x}".format(offset, pager, slot_str, slot))
    if slot == 0:
        return 0
    slot_value = dereference(slot)
    print(" value {:#010x}".format(slot_value))
    vm_page_lookup_in_compressor(Cast(slot, 'c_slot_mapping_t'))
    return 1

@lldb_command("vm_page_lookup_in_compressor")
def VmPageLookupInCompressor(cmd_args=None):
    """Lookup up a page in a given compressor slot
        usage: vm_page_lookup_in_compressor <slot>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", VmPageLookupInCompressor.__doc__)
        return
    slot = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'compressor_slot_t *')
    print("compressor slot {: <#018x}".format(slot))
    vm_page_lookup_in_compressor(slot)

C_SV_CSEG_ID = ((1 << 22) - 1)

def vm_page_lookup_in_compressor(slot_ptr):
    slot_ptr = Cast(slot_ptr, 'compressor_slot_t *')
    slot_value = dereference(slot_ptr)
    slot = Cast(slot_value, 'c_slot_mapping')
    print(slot)
    print("compressor slot {: <#018x} -> {:#010x} cseg {:d} cindx {:d}".format(unsigned(slot_ptr), unsigned(slot_value), slot.s_cseg, slot.s_cindx))
    if slot_ptr == 0:
        return
    if slot.s_cseg == C_SV_CSEG_ID:
        sv = kern.globals.c_segment_sv_hash_table
        print("single value[{:#d}]: ref {:d} value {:#010x}".format(slot.s_cindx, sv[slot.s_cindx].c_sv_he_un.c_sv_he.c_sv_he_ref, sv[slot.s_cindx].c_sv_he_un.c_sv_he.c_sv_he_data))
        return
    if slot.s_cseg == 0 or unsigned(slot.s_cseg) > unsigned(kern.globals.c_segments_available):
        print("*** ERROR: s_cseg {:d} is out of bounds (1 - {:d})".format(slot.s_cseg, unsigned(kern.globals.c_segments_available)))
        return
    c_segments = kern.globals.c_segments
    c_segments_elt = GetObjectAtIndexFromArray(c_segments, slot.s_cseg-1)
    c_seg = c_segments_elt.c_seg
    c_no_data = 0
    if hasattr(c_seg, 'c_state'):
        c_state = c_seg.c_state
        if c_state == 0:
            c_state_str = "C_IS_EMPTY"
            c_no_data = 1
        elif c_state == 1:
            c_state_str = "C_IS_FREE"
            c_no_data = 1
        elif c_state == 2:
            c_state_str = "C_IS_FILLING"
        elif c_state == 3:
            c_state_str = "C_ON_AGE_Q"
        elif c_state == 4:
            c_state_str = "C_ON_SWAPOUT_Q"
        elif c_state == 5:
            c_state_str = "C_ON_SWAPPEDOUT_Q"
            c_no_data = 1
        elif c_state == 6:
            c_state_str = "C_ON_SWAPPEDOUTSPARSE_Q"
            c_no_data = 1
        elif c_state == 7:
            c_state_str = "C_ON_SWAPPEDIN_Q"
        elif c_state == 8:
            c_state_str = "C_ON_MAJORCOMPACT_Q"
        elif c_state == 9:
            c_state_str = "C_ON_BAD_Q"
            c_no_data = 1
        else:
            c_state_str = "<unknown>"
    else:
        c_state = -1
        c_state_str = "<no c_state field>"
    print("c_segments[{:d}] {: <#018x} c_seg {: <#018x} c_state {:#x}={:s}".format(slot.s_cseg-1, c_segments_elt, c_seg, c_state, c_state_str))
    c_indx = unsigned(slot.s_cindx)
    if hasattr(c_seg, 'c_slot_var_array'):
        c_seg_fixed_array_len = kern.globals.c_seg_fixed_array_len
        if c_indx < c_seg_fixed_array_len:
            cs = c_seg.c_slot_fixed_array[c_indx]
        else:
            cs = GetObjectAtIndexFromArray(c_seg.c_slot_var_array, c_indx - c_seg_fixed_array_len)
    else:
        C_SEG_SLOT_ARRAY_SIZE = 64
        C_SEG_SLOT_ARRAY_MASK = C_SEG_SLOT_ARRAY_SIZE - 1
        cs = GetObjectAtIndexFromArray(c_seg.c_slots[c_indx // C_SEG_SLOT_ARRAY_SIZE], c_indx & C_SEG_SLOT_ARRAY_MASK)
    print(cs)
    c_slot_unpacked_ptr = vm_unpack_ptr(cs.c_packed_ptr, kern.globals.c_slot_packing_params)
    print("c_slot {: <#018x} c_offset {:#x} c_size {:#x} c_packed_ptr {:#x} (unpacked: {: <#018x})".format(cs, cs.c_offset, cs.c_size, cs.c_packed_ptr, unsigned(c_slot_unpacked_ptr)))
    if unsigned(slot_ptr) != unsigned(c_slot_unpacked_ptr):
        print("*** ERROR: compressor slot {: <#018x} points back to {: <#018x} instead of itself".format(slot_ptr, c_slot_unpacked_ptr))
    if c_no_data == 0:
        c_data = c_seg.c_store.c_buffer + (4 * cs.c_offset)
        c_size = cs.c_size
        cmd = "memory read {: <#018x} {: <#018x} --force".format(c_data, c_data + c_size)
        print(cmd)
        print(lldb_run_command(cmd))
    else:
        print("<no compressed data>")

@lldb_command('vm_scan_all_pages')
def VMScanAllPages(cmd_args=None):
    """Scans the vm_pages[] array
    """
    vm_pages_count = kern.globals.vm_pages_count
    vm_pages = kern.globals.vm_pages

    free_count = 0
    local_free_count = 0
    active_count = 0
    local_active_count = 0
    inactive_count = 0
    speculative_count = 0
    throttled_count = 0
    wired_count = 0
    compressor_count = 0
    pageable_internal_count = 0
    pageable_external_count = 0
    secluded_count = 0
    secluded_free_count = 0
    secluded_inuse_count = 0

    i = 0
    while i < vm_pages_count:

        if i % 10000 == 0:
            print("{:d}/{:d}...\n".format(i,vm_pages_count))

        m = vm_pages[i]

        internal = 0
        external = 0
        m_object_val = _vm_page_unpack_ptr(m.vmp_object)

        if m_object:
            if m_object.internal:
                internal = 1
            else:
                external = 1

        if m.vmp_wire_count != 0 and m.vmp_local == 0:
            wired_count = wired_count + 1
            pageable = 0
        elif m.vmp_throttled:
            throttled_count = throttled_count + 1
            pageable = 0
        elif m.vmp_active:
            active_count = active_count + 1
            pageable = 1
        elif m.vmp_local:
            local_active_count = local_active_count + 1
            pageable = 0
        elif m.vmp_inactive:
            inactive_count = inactive_count + 1
            pageable = 1
        elif m.vmp_speculative:
            speculative_count = speculative_count + 1
            pageable = 0
        elif m.vmp_free:
            free_count = free_count + 1
            pageable = 0
        elif m.vmp_secluded:
            secluded_count = secluded_count + 1
            if m_object == 0:
                secluded_free_count = secluded_free_count + 1
            else:
                secluded_inuse_count = secluded_inuse_count + 1
            pageable = 0
        elif m_object == 0 and m.vmp_busy:
            local_free_count = local_free_count + 1
            pageable = 0
        elif m.vmp_compressor:
            compressor_count = compressor_count + 1
            pageable = 0
        else:
            print("weird page vm_pages[{:d}]?\n".format(i))
            pageable = 0

        if pageable:
            if internal:
                pageable_internal_count = pageable_internal_count + 1
            else:
                pageable_external_count = pageable_external_count + 1
        i = i + 1

    print("vm_pages_count = {:d}\n".format(vm_pages_count))

    print("wired_count = {:d}\n".format(wired_count))
    print("throttled_count = {:d}\n".format(throttled_count))
    print("active_count = {:d}\n".format(active_count))
    print("local_active_count = {:d}\n".format(local_active_count))
    print("inactive_count = {:d}\n".format(inactive_count))
    print("speculative_count = {:d}\n".format(speculative_count))
    print("free_count = {:d}\n".format(free_count))
    print("local_free_count = {:d}\n".format(local_free_count))
    print("compressor_count = {:d}\n".format(compressor_count))

    print("pageable_internal_count = {:d}\n".format(pageable_internal_count))
    print("pageable_external_count = {:d}\n".format(pageable_external_count))
    print("secluded_count = {:d}\n".format(secluded_count))
    print("secluded_free_count = {:d}\n".format(secluded_free_count))
    print("secluded_inuse_count = {:d}\n".format(secluded_inuse_count))


@lldb_command('show_all_vm_named_entries')
def ShowAllVMNamedEntries(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print a summary listing of all the VM named entries
    """

    ikot_named_entry = GetEnumValue('ipc_kotype_t', 'IKOT_NAMED_ENTRY')
    idx = 0

    for port in IterateZoneElements(GetZoneByName("ipc ports"), 'ipc_port_t'):
        io_bits = unsigned(port.ip_object.io_bits)
        if (io_bits & 0x3ff) == ikot_named_entry:
            idx += 1
            showmemoryentry(Cast(port.ip_kobject, 'struct vm_named_entry *'), idx=idx, port=port)

@lldb_command('show_vm_named_entry')
def ShowVMNamedEntry(cmd_args=None):
    """ Routine to print a VM named entry
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowMapVMNamedEntry.__doc__)
        return
    named_entry = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_named_entry_t')
    showmemoryentry(named_entry)

def showmemoryentry(entry, idx=0, port=None):
    """  Routine to print out a summary a VM memory entry
        params:
            entry - core.value : a object of type 'struct vm_named_entry *'
        returns:
            None
    """
    show_pager_info = True
    show_all_shadows = True

    backing = ""
    if entry.is_sub_map == 1:
        backing += "SUBMAP"
    if entry.is_copy == 1:
        backing += "COPY"
    if entry.is_object == 1:
        backing += "OBJECT"
    if entry.is_sub_map == 0 and entry.is_copy == 0 and entry.is_object == 0:
        backing += "***?***"
    prot=""
    if entry.protection & 0x1:
        prot += "r"
    else:
        prot += "-"
    if entry.protection & 0x2:
        prot += "w"
    else:
        prot += "-"
    if entry.protection & 0x4:
        prot += "x"
    else:
        prot += "-"
    extra_str = ""
    if port is not None:
        extra_str += " port={:#016x}".format(port)
    print("{:d} {: <#018x} prot={:d}/{:s} type={:s} backing={: <#018x} offset={:#016x} dataoffset={:#016x} size={:#016x}{:s}\n".format(idx,entry,entry.protection,prot,backing,entry.backing.copy,entry.offset,entry.data_offset,entry.size,extra_str))
    if entry.is_sub_map == 1:
        showmapvme(entry.backing.map, 0, 0, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows)
    elif entry.is_copy == 1:
        showmapcopyvme(entry.backing.copy, 0, 0, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, 0)
    elif entry.is_object == 1:
        showmapcopyvme(entry.backing.copy, 0, 0, show_pager_info, show_all_shadows, 0)
    else:
        print("***** UNKNOWN TYPE *****")
    print(" \n")


def IterateRBTreeEntry2(element, element_type, field_name1, field_name2):
    """ iterate over a rbtree as defined with RB_HEAD in libkern/tree.h
            element      - value : Value object for rbh_root
            element_type - str   : Type of the link element
            field_name   - str   : Name of the field in link element's structure
        returns:
            A generator does not return. It is used for iterating
            value  : an object thats of type (element_type) head->sle_next. Always a pointer object
    """
    elt = element.__getattr__('rbh_root')
    if isinstance(element_type, six.string_types):
        element_type = gettype(element_type)
    charp_type = gettype('char *');

    # Walk to find min
    parent = elt
    while unsigned(elt) != 0:
        parent = elt
        elt = cast(elt.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_left'), element_type)
    elt = parent

    # Now elt is min
    while unsigned(elt) != 0:
        yield elt
        # implementation cribbed from RB_NEXT in libkern/tree.h
        right = cast(elt.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(fieldname2).__getattr__('rbe_right'), element_type)
        if unsigned(right) != 0:
            elt = right
            left = cast(elt.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_left'), element_type)
            while unsigned(left) != 0:
                elt = left
                left = cast(elt.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr(__field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_left'), element_type)
        else:

            # avoid using GetValueFromAddress
            addr = elt.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_parent')&~1
            parent = value(elt.GetSBValue().CreateValueFromExpression(None,'(void *)'+str(addr)))
            parent = cast(parent, element_type)

            if unsigned(parent) != 0:
                left = cast(parent.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_left'), element_type)
            if (unsigned(parent) != 0) and (unsigned(elt) == unsigned(left)):
                elt = parent
            else:
                if unsigned(parent) != 0:
                    right = cast(parent.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_right'), element_type)
                while unsigned(parent) != 0 and (unsigned(elt) == unsigned(right)):
                    elt = parent

                    # avoid using GetValueFromAddress
                    addr = elt.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_parent')&~1
                    parent = value(elt.GetSBValue().CreateValueFromExpression(None,'(void *)'+str(addr)))
                    parent = cast(parent, element_type)

                    right = cast(parent.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_right'), element_type)

                # avoid using GetValueFromAddress
                addr = elt.__getattr__(field_name1).__getattr__(field_name2).__getattr__('rbe_parent')&~1
                elt = value(elt.GetSBValue().CreateValueFromExpression(None,'(void *)'+str(addr)))
                elt = cast(elt, element_type)


@lldb_command("showmaprb")
def ShowMapRB(cmd_args=None):
    """Routine to print out a VM map's RB tree
        usage: showmaprb <vm_map>
    """
    if cmd_args == None or len(cmd_args) < 1:
        print("Invalid argument.", ShowMapRB.__doc__)
        return
    map_val = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'vm_map_t')
    print(GetVMMapSummary.header)
    print(GetVMMapSummary(map_val))
    vme_rb_root = map_val.hdr.rb_head_store
    vme_ptr_type = GetType('struct vm_map_entry *')
    print(GetVMEntrySummary.header)
    for vme in IterateRBTreeEntry2(vme_rb_root, 'struct vm_map_entry *', 'store', 'entry'):
        print(GetVMEntrySummary(vme))
    return None

@lldb_command('show_all_owned_objects', 'T')
def ShowAllOwnedObjects(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Routine to print the list of VM objects owned by each task
        -T: show only ledger-tagged objects
    """
    showonlytagged = False
    if "-T" in cmd_options:
        showonlytagged = True
    for task in kern.tasks:
        ShowTaskOwnedVmObjects(task, showonlytagged)

@lldb_command('show_task_owned_objects', 'T')
def ShowTaskOwnedObjects(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Routine to print the list of VM objects owned by the specified task
        -T: show only ledger-tagged objects
    """
    showonlytagged = False
    if "-T" in cmd_options:
        showonlytagged = True
    task = kern.GetValueFromAddress(cmd_args[0], 'task *')
    ShowTaskOwnedVmObjects(task, showonlytagged)

@lldb_command('showdeviceinfo', 'J')
def ShowDeviceInfo(cmd_args=None, cmd_options={}):
    """ Routine to show basic device information (model, build, ncpus, etc...)
        Usage: memstats  [-J]
            -J      : Output json
    """
    print_json = False
    if "-J" in cmd_options:
        print_json = True
    device_info = {}
    device_info["build"] =  str(kern.globals.osversion)
    device_info["memoryConfig"] = int(kern.globals.max_mem_actual)
    device_info["ncpu"] = int(kern.globals.ncpu)
    device_info["pagesize"] = int(kern.globals.page_size)
    device_info["mlockLimit"] = signed(kern.globals.vm_global_user_wire_limit)
    # Serializing to json here ensure we always catch bugs preventing
    # serialization
    as_json = json.dumps(device_info)


    if print_json:
        print(as_json)
    else:
        PrettyPrintDictionary(device_info)

def ShowTaskOwnedVmObjects(task, showonlytagged=False):
    """  Routine to print out a summary listing of all the entries in a vm_map
        params:
            task - core.value : a object of type 'task *'
        returns:
            None
    """
    taskobjq_total = lambda:None
    taskobjq_total.objects = 0
    taskobjq_total.vsize = 0
    taskobjq_total.rsize = 0
    taskobjq_total.wsize = 0
    taskobjq_total.csize = 0
    vmo_list_head = task.task_objq
    vmo_ptr_type = GetType('vm_object *')
    idx = 0
    for vmo in IterateQueue(vmo_list_head, vmo_ptr_type, "task_objq"):
        idx += 1
        if not showonlytagged or vmo.vo_ledger_tag != 0:
            if taskobjq_total.objects == 0:
                print(' \n')
                print(GetTaskSummary.header + ' ' + GetProcSummary.header)
                print(GetTaskSummary(task) + ' ' + GetProcSummary(Cast(task.bsd_info, 'proc *')))
                print('{:>6s} {:<6s} {:18s} {:1s} {:>6s} {:>16s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>10s} {:>2s} {:18s} {:>6s} {:<20s}\n'.format("#","#","object","P","refcnt","size (pages)","resid","wired","compressed","tg","owner","pid","process"))
            ShowOwnedVmObject(vmo, idx, 0, taskobjq_total)
    if taskobjq_total.objects != 0:
        print("           total:{:<10d}  [ virtual:{:<10d}  resident:{:<10d}  wired:{:<10d}  compressed:{:<10d} ]\n".format(taskobjq_total.objects, taskobjq_total.vsize, taskobjq_total.rsize, taskobjq_total.wsize, taskobjq_total.csize))
    return None

def ShowOwnedVmObject(object, idx, queue_len, taskobjq_total):
    """  Routine to print out a VM object owned by a task
        params:
            object - core.value : a object of type 'struct vm_object *'
        returns:
            None
    """
    page_size = kern.globals.page_size
    if object.purgable == 0:
        purgable = "N"
    elif object.purgable == 1:
        purgable = "V"
    elif object.purgable == 2:
        purgable = "E"
    elif object.purgable == 3:
        purgable = "D"
    else:
        purgable = "?"
    if object.pager == 0:
        compressed_count = 0
    else:
        compressor_pager = Cast(object.pager, 'compressor_pager *')
        compressed_count = compressor_pager.cpgr_num_slots_occupied

    print("{:>6d}/{:<6d} {: <#018x} {:1s} {:>6d} {:>16d} {:>10d} {:>10d} {:>10d} {:>2d} {: <#018x} {:>6d} {:<20s}\n".format(idx,queue_len,object,purgable,object.ref_count,object.vo_un1.vou_size // page_size,object.resident_page_count,object.wired_page_count,compressed_count, object.vo_ledger_tag, object.vo_un2.vou_owner,GetProcPIDForObjectOwner(object.vo_un2.vou_owner),GetProcNameForObjectOwner(object.vo_un2.vou_owner)))

    taskobjq_total.objects += 1
    taskobjq_total.vsize += object.vo_un1.vou_size // page_size
    taskobjq_total.rsize += object.resident_page_count
    taskobjq_total.wsize += object.wired_page_count
    taskobjq_total.csize += compressed_count

def GetProcPIDForObjectOwner(owner):
    """ same as GetProcPIDForTask() but deals with -1 for a disowned object
    """
    if unsigned(Cast(owner, 'int')) == unsigned(int(0xffffffff)):
        return -1
    return GetProcPIDForTask(owner)

def GetProcNameForObjectOwner(owner):
    """ same as GetProcNameForTask() but deals with -1 for a disowned object
    """
    if unsigned(Cast(owner, 'int')) == unsigned(int(0xffffffff)):
        return "<disowned>"
    return GetProcNameForTask(owner)

def GetDescForNamedEntry(mem_entry):
    out_str = "\n"
    out_str += "\t\tmem_entry {:#08x} ref:{:d} offset:{:#08x} size:{:#08x} prot{:d} backing {:#08x}".format(mem_entry, mem_entry.ref_count, mem_entry.offset, mem_entry.size, mem_entry.protection, mem_entry.backing.copy)
    if mem_entry.is_sub_map:
        out_str += " is_sub_map"
    elif mem_entry.is_copy:
        out_str += " is_copy"
    elif mem_entry.is_object:
        out_str += " is_object"
    else:
        out_str += " ???"
    return out_str