xref: /xnu-8020.101.4/bsd/man/man4/random.4 (revision e7776783b89a353188416a9a346c6cdb4928faad)
1*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Dd September 6, 2001
2*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Dt RANDOM 4
3*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Os Darwin
4*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Sh NAME
5*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm random
6*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions,
7*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm urandom
8*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nd random data source devices.
9*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Sh SYNOPSIS
10*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Cd "pseudo-device random"
11*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Sh DESCRIPTION
12*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsThe
13*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm
14*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsdevice produces uniformly distributed random byte values
15*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsof potentially high quality.
16*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Pp
17*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsTo obtain random bytes, open
18*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm /dev/random
19*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsfor reading and read from it.
20*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Pp
21*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsThe same random data is also available from
22*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Xr getentropy 2 .
23*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsUsing the
24*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Xr getentropy 2
25*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionssystem call interface will provide resiliency to file descriptor exhaustion, chroot, or sandboxing which can make
26*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm /dev/random
27*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsunavailable.  Additionally, the
28*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Xr arc4random 3
29*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsAPI provides a fast userspace random number generator built on the
30*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm
31*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsdata source and is preferred over directly accessing the system's random device.
32*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Pp
33*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm /dev/urandom
34*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsis a compatibility nod to Linux. On Linux,
35*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm /dev/urandom
36*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionswill produce lower quality output if the entropy pool drains, while
37*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm /dev/random
38*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionswill prefer to block and wait for additional entropy to be collected.
39*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsWith Fortuna, this choice and distinction is not necessary, and
40*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsthe two devices behave identically. You may use either.
41*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Pp
42*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsThe
43*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm
44*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsdevice implements the
45*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm Fortuna
46*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionspseudo random number generator algorithm and maintains its entropy pool.
47*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsThe kernel automatically seeds the algorithm with additional entropy during normal execution.
48*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Sh FILES
49*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Bl -tag -width /dev/urandom -compact
50*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.It Pa /dev/random
51*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.It Pa /dev/urandom
52*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.El
53*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Sh HISTORY
54*e7776783SApple OSS DistributionsA
55*e7776783SApple OSS Distributions.Nm
56*e7776783SApple OSS Distributionsdevice appeared in the Linux operating system.
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